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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Monuments to Resistance
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Renée Ater
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="padding-right: 30%;">
<p>The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, <a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300227116/slaves-cause" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="The Slave's Cause"><em>The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition</em></a>, historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. <br /><br />The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <em></em><em><a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a></em> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad, while the<i> <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/990388eb5485a0a89742679dfd40fb43.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Edmonson Sisters Memorial">Edmonson Sisters Memorial</a></i><a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/990388eb5485a0a89742679dfd40fb43.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Edmonson Sisters Memorial"> </a>in Alexandria, Virginia, celebrates the abolitionists and formerly enslaved sisters Mary and Emily Edmonson.</p>
</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Written by Grace Yasumura
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Sculpture
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Bronze statue: 84 in. (213.36 cm.)
Granite base: 44 ¾ x 59 in. (113.67 cm.)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Denmark Vesey Monument</em> (Charleston, SC)
Subject
The topic of the resource
<p>Subject (Topic)<br />Anti-slavery movements--United States<br />Public art<br />Public sculpture<br />Slave insurrections--South Carolina--Charleston<br />Slave revolt--South Carolina--Charleston<br />Slavery--South Carolina<br />South Carolina--History</p>
<p>Subject (Name)<br />Vesey, Denmark, 1767-1822</p>
<p>Subject (Object Type) <br />Commemorative sculpture</p>
Description
An account of the resource
<p>The work is dedicated to Denmark Vesey, a carpenter and self-educated black man who planned one of the most extensive slave revolt in U.S. history in Charleston, SC in 1822. Vesey, elegantly dressed in a collared jacket, trousers, and an exceedingly long and slim cravat, is shown holding his carpentry bag, his hat, and his Bible. The figure stands atop a massive granite pedestal that is inscribed on two sides with biographical and historical information about Vesey and his vital contributions to the fight for the emancipation of black people.</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dwight, Ed, 1933-
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Dedicated: February 8, 2014
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Denmark Vesey and the Spirit of Freedom Monument Committee and City of Charleston.
Relation
A related resource
To watch a video of the the monument's dedication, click <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaQOovmfq6Q" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here.</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Visual Arts-Sculpture
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Hampton Park, 30 Mary Murray Drive, Charleston, South Carolina, 29403, United States
Has Part
A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource.
<p><em><strong>Inscription on front of black granite plinth:</strong></em><br />Denmark Vesey<br />Slave Rebellion Organizer<br />Born Circa 1767-July 2, 1822<br /><br />Denmark Vesey, previously named Telemaque, was born either in Africa or on the Caribbean island of St. Thomas. At the age of 14, he was purchased by the slave trader Captain Joseph Vesey and transported to the French Colony of St. Domingue, where the young African was sold along with 389 other slaves. Claimed to be suffering from epilepsy by his new owner, Denmark was returned to Captain Vesey.<br /><br />The young man accompanied Captain Vesey on many trading voyages as part of the crew. In 1873, immediately after the American Revolution, Captain Vesey relocated to Charleston, South Carolina, where Denmark continued to serve him for approximately another 17 years. In 1799, however, Denmark won $1,500 in the East Bay Street Lottery in Charleston and purchased his freedom for $600.<br /><br />Denmark Vesey was a highly skilled carpenter and well known within free black and slave society. According to his contemporaries, he harbored frustration at his inability to legally free his wife and children. His antislavery sentiments may have received a wider audience when in 1818 enslaved and free black Charlestonians established a branch of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church where he served as a church leader.<br /><br />Vesey envisioned a community where all would be free , but recently planned state legislation of 1820 made legal emancipation of slaves nearly impossible. Furthermore, municipal authorities repeated attacks on the AME Church convinced Vesey slavery was such a violation of God's law that rebellion was necessary to obtain liberty. He placed his own life at risk as he dared to plan to recruit others to achieve the goal of freedom.</p>
<p><em><strong>Inscription on back of black granite plinth:</strong></em><br />Denmark Vesey<br /><br />Vesey and his lieutenants "Gullah" Jack Pritchard, Peter Poyas, and Monday Gell developed a plan for a revolt, which may have involved thousands of followers. Their war of liberation was originally planned for July 14, 1822, and called for conspirators to seize weapons and set fires around the city. Once reinforced by rural slaves, as many as possible were to escape to Haiti where African people had already abolished slavery and formed an independent nation. According to Congregational minister and abolitionist Thomas Wentworth Higginson, the plan was "the most elaborate insurrectionary project ever formed by American slaves."<br /><br />When two slaves informed the authorities of the plot, the conspirators tried to move the date to June 16, but their plan failed. Arrests and trials followed and beginning on July 2, 1822, two days before Independence Day, Vesey and 34 of his compatriots were hanged. This figure represents the greatest number of slave conspiracy-related executions in American history. 37 were banished, most outside the United States, and four whites were briefly fined and incarcerated for for sympathizing with the conspirators. To strenghten security, officials demolished the AME Church, and the state legislature imposed rigorous new laws, including the Negro Seaman Act subjecting free black sailors from outside the state to arrest when their ships docked in Carolina ports. Free black men were required to have white guardians, and those who left the state were barred from returning. By the mid-1820s, the city fortified itself with an arsenal and barracks. In 1842, the Military College of South Carolina, now known as the "The Citadel," was established on that same site.<br /><br />Despite the daunting opposition, Vesey's Spirit and liberating vision did not die. He became an inspiring symbol of freedom for later abolitionists including David Walker, John Brown, Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe. His resolve demonstrates the timeless universality of men and women's desire for freedom and justice irrespective of race, creed, condition, or color.</p>
<p><em><strong>Round sign on side of black granite plinth:</strong></em><br />Charleston Stories<br />Hear Denmark Vesey here<br />Completing the Story:<br />Bringing a Community Together<br />www.charlestonstories.org<br />History calls back</p>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
Bronze statue: 84 in. (213.36 cm.)
Granite base: 44 ¾ x 59 in. (113.67 cm.)
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Bronze; Granite
Bibliographic Citation
A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
<p>Parker, Parker, "Denmark Vesey Monument Unveiled before Hundreds." Post and Courier, February 14, 2014. Accessed April 12, 2019, <a href="https://www.postandcourier.com/features/arts_and_travel/denmark-vesey-monument-unveiled-before-hundreds/article_35622532-8a45-5060-a819-0e33a47c8a20.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.postandcourier.com/features/arts_and_travel/denmark-vesey-monument-unveiled-before-hundreds/article_35622532-8a45-5060-a819-0e33a47c8a20.html.</a></p>
<p>Mellnik, Ted. "The Remarkable History of Charleston's Racial Divide, As Told by the City's Silent Statues." Washington Post, June 24, 2015. Accessed April 12, 2019, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/06/24/the-remarkable-history-of-charlestons-racial-divide-as-told-by-the-citys-silent-statues/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/06/24/the-remarkable-history-of-charlestons-racial-divide-as-told-by-the-citys-silent-statues/</a>.</p>
<p>"Denmark Vesey Monument." Charleston Justice Journey. Accessed May 27, 2020, <a href="https://charlestonjusticejourney.org/locations/denmark-vesey-monument/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://charlestonjusticejourney.org/locations/denmark-vesey-monument/</a>.</p>
<p>"Denmark Vesey, Hampton Park." Charleston Stories. Accessed May 27, 2020, <a href="http://charlestonstories.org/statues/Denmark-Vesey/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://charlestonstories.org/statues/Denmark-Vesey/</a>.</p>
<p>Wright, Deborah and Daron Calhoun. "Remember Denmark Vesey of Charleston!" Avery Messenger (Summer 2014): 6-8. Accessed May 27, 2020, <a href="https://avery.cofc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/messenger_springsummer2014.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://avery.cofc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/messenger_springsummer2014.pdf</a>.</p>
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Renée Ater
Source
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Photographs by Izetta Autumn Mobley
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
City of Charleston, 80 Broad Street, Charleston, South Carolina, 29401, United States
anti-slavery
Charleston
Denmark Vesey
Ed Dwight
rebellion
South Carolina
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
African American History
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Renée Ater
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="padding-right: 30%;">
<p>The monuments and memorials in this collection acknowledge the important contributions of African Americans to American history including the long arc of slavery. Some monuments, such as <i><a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1134" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Texas African American History Memorial</a>,</i> include bas-reliefs of enslaved men and women and well-known historical figures, such as Medgar Evers and President Barack Obama. Other memorials such as <i><a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1183" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Truths that Rise from the Roots Remembered</a>,</i> honor the ability of ordinary Black people to survive and thrive despite slavery, racism, and white supremacy. </p>
</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Written by Grace Yasumura
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Sculpture
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Obelisk and pedestal: 276 in. (701.04 cm.)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>South Carolina African-American History Monument</em> (Columbia, SC)
Subject
The topic of the resource
<p>Subject (Topic)<br />African American history<br />American South<br />Public art<br />Public sculpture<br />Slave ships--History<br />Slavery<br />South Carolina--History<br /><br /></p>
<p>Subject (Object Type)<br />Commemorative sculpture</p>
Description
An account of the resource
Two semicircular gray granite walls, inlaid with twelve bronze panels illustrating 300 years of African American history, frame an obelisk and pedestal. The twelve scenes of African American history include images of the Middle Passage, an African American family on an auction block, slaves working in a field, men and women celebrating the Emancipation Proclamation, the Jim Crow era, the Great Migration, and images of contemporary African Americans’ important contributions to engineering, law education, sports, politics, and space exploration. At the base of the monument’s obelisk are four rubbing stones from regions of Africa where slaves were captured - Senegal, Sierra Leone, the Republic of Congo, and Ghana. In front of the memorial, Dwight included a bronze cast of the famous print of the British slave ship <em>Brookes</em> (1787).
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dwight, Ed, 1933-
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Dedicated: March 29, 2001
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
<a href="https://dc.statelibrary.sc.gov/handle/10827/25969" target="_blank" rel="noopener">African American History Monument Commission</a>; South Carolina Arts Commission; State House Committee; Citizens' Advisory Committe; Design Committee; Fundraising Committee; and private donors.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Visual Arts-Sculpture
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
South Carolina State House Grounds, 1100 Gervais Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29201, United States
Has Part
A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource.
<p><em><strong>Bronze plaque on front of monument:</strong></em><br />African American History Monument<br />Dedicated - 2001<br />Ed Dwight - Sculptor</p>
<p><em><strong>Bronze plaque on back of monument:</strong></em><br />South Carolina African-American History Monument<br /><em>Dedicated to the people of South Carolina<br /><br /></em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Monument Commission<br /></span>Chairman<br />Senator Glenn F. McConnell <br />Vice-Chairman <br />Representative Gilda Cobb-Hunter<br />Senator John E. Courson<br />Senator Robert Ford<br />Senator Darrell Jackson<br />Senator McKinley Washington, Jr. <br />Representative Daniel T. Cooper <br />Representative James S. Klauber <br />Representative John L. Scott, Jr. <br />Honorable Jesse Washington, Jr.<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">State House Committee<br /></span>Senator J. Verne Smith, Chairman<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Citizen's Advisory Committe<br /></span>Dr. Mac Arthur Goodman, Chairman<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Design Committee<br /></span>Dr. Terry K. Hunter, Chairman<br />Dr. Henry G. Michaux<br />Mr. James Wakefield<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Fundraising Committee</span> <br />Governor Jim Hodges, Honorary Chairman <br />Mr. John S. Rainey, Chairman <br />Ms. Juanita W. Brown, Co-Chairman <br />Mr. E. Perry Palmer, Co-Chairman</p>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
Obelisk and pedestal: 276 in. (701.04 cm.)
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Granite; Bronze
Bibliographic Citation
A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
<p>Botsch, Carol Sears. “The African-American Monument.” African Americans and South Carolina: History, Politics, and Culture. University of South Carolina-Aiken. Accessed April 15, 2019, <a href="https://polisci.usca.edu/aasc/African-AmericanMonument.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://polisci.usca.edu/aasc/African-AmericanMonument.htm</a>.</p>
<p>Davenport, Jim. “A Slave Memorial Now Stands Amid State's Tributes to Confederacy.” <em>Los Angeles Times</em>. Accessed April 15, 2019, <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-25-mn-42494-story.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-25-mn-42494-story.html</a>.</p>
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Renée Ater
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Photographs: Ron Cogswell, <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/22711505@N05/7917139800/in/album-72157630674378570/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.flickr.com/photos/22711505@N05/7917139800/in/album-72157630674378570/</a>
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
<em>African American History Monument</em>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
South Carolina State House, 1100 Gervais Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29201, United States
African American history
Ed Dwight
obelisk
slave ship
South Carolina
state capitol