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10
3
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Transatlantic Slave Trade - Middle Passage Monuments
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Renée Ater
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="padding-right: 30%;">
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">This collection focuses on monuments and memorials dedicated to the <a href="https://www.slavevoyages.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="s2">Transatlantic Slave Trade </span></a>and the Middle Passage. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans were forcibly taken across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. The Middle Passage refers to the Atlantic sea route between Africa and the Americas that was part of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Historians believe that between 15 and 25 percent of the enslaved Africans perished aboard the overcrowded, unsanitary slave ships.</span><span class="s1"></span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">The works in this collection address the violence and trauma of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in various ways. Some monuments such as <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1137" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="s2"><em>The Ark of Return </em></span></a>include the human figure, while others such as <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1135" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="s2"><em>The Middle Passage Monument</em></span></a> use geometric forms (abstraction) to commemorate the victims of the Transatlantic Slave Trade.</span></p>
</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Written by Grace Yasumura
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Sculpture
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
144'' (365.76 cm)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Reconciliation Memorial </em>(Richmond, Virginia)<em><br /></em>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Subject (Topic)<br />Antislavery movements--United States<br />Transatlantic Slave Trade<br />Middle Passage<br /><span>Southeastern</span> United States<br />Public art<br />Public sculpture
Subject (Object Type)<br />Commemorative sculpture
Description
An account of the resource
The bronze torsos of two abstracted figures, engaged in a tight embrace, emerge from a rectangular bronze base. Unlike its <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/admin/items/show/1138" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Liverpudlian</a> counterpart, this work includes the addition of bronze low-relief designs, reflecting images related to the slave trade, including cotton plants, chains, and industrial factories. The work was erected close to Richmond’s <a href="https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/02/americas-failure-to-preserve-historic-slave-markets/385367/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">former slave market in Shockoe Bottom</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Broadbent, Stephen
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Dedicated: March 31, 2007
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
City of Richmond, Virginia; Faith Bebbington (the sculptor who assisted in the production of the finalized sculptures); The initial design work for the sculptures was undertaken by a group of young people in Liverpool, working closely with Garry Morris, the curator of the Liverpool Maritime Museum Slavery Exhibition, and were completed by selected young people from Benin and Richmond.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Visual Arts-Sculpture
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
East Main Street Richmond, VA 23219, United States
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
<em>Reconciliation Triangle</em>
Has Part
A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource.
<strong>Inscription on base:</strong> <br /><br />"Reconnaissons et pardonnons le passé<br /><br />Célébrons le présent<br /><br />Construisons l'avenir dans<br /><br />la réconciliation et la justice.<br /><br />Acknowledge and forgive the past<br /><br />Embrace the present<br /><br />Shape a future<br /><br />of reconciliation and justice."
<strong>Adjacent plaque:</strong><br /><br />“THE TRIANGLE<br /><br />Liverpool, England The Benin Region of West Africa Richmond, Virginia During the 18th Century, these three places reflected one of the well-known triangles in the trade of enslaved Africans. Men, women, and children were captured in West and Central Africa and transported from Benin and other countries. They were chained, herded, loaded on ships built in England and transported through the unspeakable horrors of the Middle Passage. They were imported and exported in Richmond, Virginia and sold in other American cities. Their forced labor laid the economic foundation of this nation."
Has Version
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.
One other identical version of this work exists in <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/admin/items/show/1139" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Benin</a>
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
144'' (365.76 cm)
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Bronze
Bibliographic Citation
A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
Stephen Broadbent, "Reconciliation Triangle," <em>Broadbent Studio</em>. Accessed April 11, 2019, <a href="https://broadbent.studio/reconciliation-triangle-casestudy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://broadbent.studio/reconciliation-triangle-casestudy</a>
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Renée Ater
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Broadbent Studio
Middle Passage
Southeastern United States
Stephen Broadbent
Transatlantic Slave Trade
-
https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/39b4694bb9cfef77c605e061e3dac0cb.jpg
50fc2a85584caee7986aa4f3e59b61a4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at the University of Virginia
Description
An account of the resource
The writing of Isabella Gibbons, one of some 4,000 enslaved people who worked at the University of Virginia, is etched into the new Memorial to Enslaved Laborers.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sanjay Suchak for The New York Times
https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c9f0ce8ca542e18c008d97fa56c07382.jpg
7d9f6760ae3767db67d1d93aac91b65e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at the University of Virginia
Description
An account of the resource
Aerial view of the concentric circles of the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at the University of Virginia.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sanjay Suchak for the NYtimes
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Nytimes
https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/5fecd1998f656917b32a31de2e185c5b.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at the University of Virginia
Description
An account of the resource
The memorial’s outward-facing wall with the eyes of Isabella Gibbons, an enslaved woman at the University of Virginia, engraved in the stone by the artist Eto Otitigbe.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sanjay Suchak for The New York Times
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
NYTimes
https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/6a62788bfd7add431692696380bfe6f7.jpg
497cadb0abe38bba515c3da7993a917b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sanjay Suchak for The New York Times
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
NYtimes
https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8488ee1c323597f0c35e2eb89df90929.jpg
f66b374850fcce354136f524cdfb4de7
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sanjay Suchak for The New York Times
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
NYtimes
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Universities and Slavery Monuments
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Renée Ater
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="padding-right: 30%;">The monuments in this collection examine the intertwined histories of<a href="https://ugapress.org/book/9780820354439/slavery-and-the-university/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> American universities and slavery</a>. In his book, <a href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/ebony-and-ivy-9781608193837/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Ebony and Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America’s Universities</em></a>, Craig Steven Wilder examines how universities and colleges were established and expanded because of the massive wealth they accrued from the transatlantic slave trade and slavery. Slave traders became the principal financiers of endowed faculty chairs and were appointed as university trustees, and colleges and universities made special efforts to recruit the sons of the slaveholding elite. Presidents of universities also held Black people in bondage, for example, Princeton’s<a href="https://https://slavery.princeton.edu/stories/slaveholding-presidents/stories/slaveholding-presidents" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> first nine university presidents</a> owned enslaved people. <br /><br />Universities and colleges such as the <a href="https://slavery.virginia.edu/unearth-and-understood/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">University of Virginia</a> have recognized how enslaved people labored on their campuses, waiting on faculty and students and tending to their grounds. Just as importantly, the classes at many universities upheld the logic of racism foundational to American slavery.<a href="https://scarletandblack.rutgers.edu/findings" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> As researchers at Rutgers found</a>, “The faculty and curriculum at Rutgers and other early American colleges reinforced the theological and scientific racism that provided the ideological and spiritual justification for the free labor of Africans, the absolute power of slave owners, and the separation of the races.” <br /><br />Often responding to pressure from students and activists, universities and colleges across the United States have begun to think more critically about how to address the complex, untold, and painful history of slavery and its ongoing legacy on their campuses. The memorials in this collection, such as the University of Virginia’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1127" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1127"><em>Memorial to Enslaved Laborers</em></a> are intended as spaces for learning, healing, and reconciliation. In addition to building monuments, universities are also attempting to redress and repair their relationship with communities most affected by slavery. William and Mary’s <a href="https://www.wm.edu/sites/lemonproject/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lemon Project</a>, for example, focuses on “contributing to and encouraging scholarship on the 300-year relationship between African Americans and William and Mary, and building bridges between the university and Williamsburg and Greater Tidewater area.”</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Written by Grace Yasumura
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Schematic drawings
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Memorial for Enslaved Laborers</em> (The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Subject (Topic)<br />Slavery<br />Mid-Atlantic United States<br />Public art<br />Public sculpture
Subject (Object Type)<br />Commemorative sculpture
Description
An account of the resource
According the artists, historians and architects involved with the project, they seeks to create:<br /><br />"The design of a new <em>Memorial to Enslaved African American Laborers</em> on the grounds of the University of Virginia marks a critical moment to address the complex history of the University—and of the country. <em>The Memorial to Enslaved Laborers</em> responds to a deep need to address an untold and uncomfortable history - one that is still very much a difficult, though necessary, national conversation on race. It is vital to highlight those African American historical sites, ones that are often hiding in plain sight. <br /><br />UVA’s <em>Memorial to Enslaved Laborers</em> should create a physical place of remembrance and a symbolic acknowledgement of a difficult past. The memorial should become a place of learning as well as a place of healing. The memorial must address multiple constituencies on UVA grounds and within the Charlottesville community, in particular the descendants of African Americans who built, worked, and lived at the University.” <br /><br />The memorial is part of a larger, ongoing process at the University spearheaded by the President's Commission on Slavery and the University (PCSU). PCSU began in 2013, guided by the work of groups such as Memorial for Enslaved Laborers (MEL), the UVA IDEA (Inclusion Diversity Equity Access) Fund, and University and Community Action for Racial Equity (UCARE).
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Meejin Yoon
Mable O. Wilson
Greg Bleam
Frank Dukes
Eto Otitigbe,
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
University of Virginia, Charlottesville; UVA's President's Commission on Slavery and the University of Virginia
Bibliographic Citation
A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
University of Virginia, "Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at the University of Virginia." Accessed April 12, 2019, <a href="https://www.virginia.edu/slaverymemorial/goals.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.virginia.edu/slaverymemorial/goals.html</a><br />
<p class="p2"><span class="s1">Mary Hughes, Alice J. Raucher, Mabel Wilson, J. Meejin Yoon. "The Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at the University of Virginia Panel Discussion." Accessed January 31, 2021: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=388_x4oYmq8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=388_x4oYmq8</a><br /><br /></span></p>
<p id="link-6b4dda4b" class="css-1e93o7e e1h9rw200" data-test-id="headline"><span class="css-1baulvz last-byline">Holland Cotter. "</span>Turning Grief for a Hidden Past Into a Healing Space." <em>New York Times. </em>Accessed January 31, 2021: <span class="s1"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/16/arts/design/university-of-virginia-enslaved-laborers-memorial.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/16/arts/design/university-of-virginia-enslaved-laborers-memorial.html</a><br /></span></p>
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Renée Ater
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://slavery.virginia.edu/memorial-for-enslaved-laborers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Memorial to Enslaved Laborers</a>, President's Commission on Slavery and the University, University of Virginia
Photographs: New York Times
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
University of Virginia, University, VA 22903
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Visual Arts-Sculpture
Eto Otitigbe
Greg Bleam
Mable O. Wilson
Meejin Yoon
Southeastern United States
universities and slavery
Virginia
-
https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/02bea14840c28c8023193e20cd0dc208.jpg
2f612b0756edacded5ea73094abd4ca6
https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/989027637f74bbf6bba8a650b4c2bf7c.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Universities and Slavery Monuments
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Renée Ater
Description
An account of the resource
<div style="padding-right: 30%;">The monuments in this collection examine the intertwined histories of<a href="https://ugapress.org/book/9780820354439/slavery-and-the-university/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> American universities and slavery</a>. In his book, <a href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/ebony-and-ivy-9781608193837/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Ebony and Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America’s Universities</em></a>, Craig Steven Wilder examines how universities and colleges were established and expanded because of the massive wealth they accrued from the transatlantic slave trade and slavery. Slave traders became the principal financiers of endowed faculty chairs and were appointed as university trustees, and colleges and universities made special efforts to recruit the sons of the slaveholding elite. Presidents of universities also held Black people in bondage, for example, Princeton’s<a href="https://https://slavery.princeton.edu/stories/slaveholding-presidents/stories/slaveholding-presidents" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> first nine university presidents</a> owned enslaved people. <br /><br />Universities and colleges such as the <a href="https://slavery.virginia.edu/unearth-and-understood/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">University of Virginia</a> have recognized how enslaved people labored on their campuses, waiting on faculty and students and tending to their grounds. Just as importantly, the classes at many universities upheld the logic of racism foundational to American slavery.<a href="https://scarletandblack.rutgers.edu/findings" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> As researchers at Rutgers found</a>, “The faculty and curriculum at Rutgers and other early American colleges reinforced the theological and scientific racism that provided the ideological and spiritual justification for the free labor of Africans, the absolute power of slave owners, and the separation of the races.” <br /><br />Often responding to pressure from students and activists, universities and colleges across the United States have begun to think more critically about how to address the complex, untold, and painful history of slavery and its ongoing legacy on their campuses. The memorials in this collection, such as the University of Virginia’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1127" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1127"><em>Memorial to Enslaved Laborers</em></a> are intended as spaces for learning, healing, and reconciliation. In addition to building monuments, universities are also attempting to redress and repair their relationship with communities most affected by slavery. William and Mary’s <a href="https://www.wm.edu/sites/lemonproject/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lemon Project</a>, for example, focuses on “contributing to and encouraging scholarship on the 300-year relationship between African Americans and William and Mary, and building bridges between the university and Williamsburg and Greater Tidewater area.”</div>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Written by Grace Yasumura
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Sculpture
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Unsung Founders Memorial</em> (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Subject (Topic)<br />Slavery<br /><span>North Carolina--History</span><br />Southeastern United States<br />Public art<br />Public sculpture
Subject (Object Type) <br />Commemorative sculpture
Description
An account of the resource
The memorial includes a stone tabletop supported by 300 bronze male and female African American figures, their arms raised over their heads as they collectively hold the weight of the tabletop. The differing dress of the figures-- some are shown in suits, while others are semi-nude and bearfoot-- appear to represent a range of economic classes. The table is surrounded by five black stone seats.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Suh, Do-Ho, 1962-
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Dedicated: November 5, 2005
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
University of North Carolina Graduating Class of 2002
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Relation
A related resource
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">For a 'virtual tour' of the monument, please click </span><a href="https://blackandblue.web.unc.edu/stops-on-the-tour/unsung-founders/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here.</a></p>
<br />.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Visual Arts-Sculpture
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
McCorkle PlaceChapel Hill, University of North Carolina, NC 27514, United States (Geographic Coordinates:
35.913620 , -79.052120 )
Has Part
A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource.
<strong>Inscribed around the edge of the table:</strong> <br /><br />"THE CLASS OF 2002 HONORS THE UNIVERSITY’S UNSUNG FOUNDERS — THE PEOPLE OF COLOR BOND AND FREE — WHO HELPED BUILD THE CAROLINA THAT WE CHERISH TODAY."
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Black granite; Bronze
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Renée Ater
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
University Gazette
Is Referenced By
A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.
Ater, Renée. “The Challenge of Memorializing Slavery in North Carolina: The Unsung Founders Memorial and the North Carolina Freedom Monument Project.” In Politics of Memory: Making Slavery Visible in the Public Space, ed. Ana Lucia Araujo, 141–156. New York and London: Routledge.
Doh Ho Suh
North Carolina
slavery
Southeastern United States
universities and slavery