1 10 5 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/405fbbd7e71c57c5cde5f476d3ca458b.jpeg 2cd08776795ac9da4fd6fdbcdc1e135a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sites of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Description An account of the resource For this thematic grouping, sites of slavery are designated as historic places (including plantations, wharves, archaeological sites) where "slavery happened" and that commemorate enslaved Africans, their lives, and their labor. We include sites that act as memorials and often have sculpture, public art, or monuments located on their grounds.  Founded in 2014 as a museum, the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1218" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Plantation</a> educates the public about the history of slavery in Louisiana and the brutal production of sugar along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. The historic plantation complex comprises twelve historic structures including slave cabins, a kitchen, a jail, and the main house. This site of slavery includes four memorials: The Wall of Honor, Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, The Field of Angels, and the 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorials. Other sites of slavery include the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1144" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ACTe Mémorial </a>in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, a memorial building and museum on the site of a former sugar plantation; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1164" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Valongo Wharf</a>, an archaeology site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that was the debarkation point of an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1152" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage</a> in Nantes, France, on the Quai de la Fosse along the Loire River, the symbolic departure point of slave ships that sailed from France to Africa. Additional sites to be added include the Freedom Monument Sculpture Park along the Alabama River in Montgomery, Alabama, and the African Ancestors Memorial Garden at the International African American Museum located on Gadsden’s Wharf in Charleston, South Carolina. Note: All sites of slavery in West Africa can be found under the theme of the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Transatlantic Slave Trade/Middle Passage.</a> Updated January 26, 2026 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Archaeological site Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cais do Valongo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Brazil--Rio de Janeiro Enslaved persons Slavery--Brazil Slavery--Portugal Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Object Type) Archaeological site Description An account of the resource As the last nation in the Americas to officially abolish slavery in 1888, historians estimate that of the approximately 10.7 million enslaved persons brought to the Americas, as many as 50 percent arrived in Brazil. Valongo was the debarkation point for an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans. In July 2007 the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization added the wharf to its World Heritage List. The site consists of a number of archaeological layers, the lowest of which are the remains of the Valongo Wharf’s floor pavings. The bodies of the enslaved who died upon arrival in Brazil were burned, and chopped-up bones were buried in mass graves on a site near the wharf. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Jornal do Comércio Square, Av. Barão de Tefé - Saúde, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 20220-460, Brazil Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. UNESCO. "Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site." Accessed May 28, 2019. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1548. Querin, Camilla. "An Antidote for Social Amnesia: The Memory Space of the Cais do Valongo." Smarthistory. Accessed February 15, 2025. https://smarthistory.org/memory-space-cais-valongo/. Angeleti, Gabriella. "Valongo Wharf--Historic Hub of Brazil's Slave Trade--Opens Following Overdue $400,000 Renovation." Art Newspaper, January 4, 2024. Accessed February 15, 2025. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/01/02/valongo-wharfhistoric-hub-of-brazils-slave-tradeopens-to-the-public-following-overdue-400000-renovation. Chuva, Màrcia, Leila Bianchi Aguiar, and Brenda Coelho Fonseca. "Sensitive Memories at a World Heritage Site: Silencing and Resistance at the Valongo Wharf." In Decolonizing Global Heritage, eds. Britta Timm Knudsen, John Oldfield, Elizabeth Buettner, and Elvan Zabunyan, 175-192. Routledge, 2022. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: Flickr, <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/wagnertamanaha/11381354915/in/photolist-W8RDRL-ikJr3Y-ikJqia-iwRo36-iwR3za-iwRwSk-YbicD9-iwKagt-iwQY5Z-iwRChD-iwRhg7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Cais do Valongo -- Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2013" by Wagner Tamanaha, CC BY-SA 2.0</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1811-1831 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Archaeological Site Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rio de Janeiro City Hall, Rua Afonso Cavalcanti, 455 - Cidade Nova, 20211-110, Brazil Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Paving stone Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Plaque: Patriomonio Cultural Carioca Circuito da Herança Africana Foi construido em 1811 para o desembarque e comércio de africanos escravizados. Remodelado em 1843 como Cais da Imperatriz, foi alerrado em 1911 para dar lugar a Praça do Comércio. Em 2011 foi redescoberto nas obras do Porto Maravilha. English translation: Built in 1811 for the disembarkation and trade of enslaved Africans. Remodeled in 1843 as the 'Cais da Imperatriz,' it was demolished in 1911 to make way for the 'Praça do Comércio.' In 2011, it was rediscovered during the Porto Maravilha works. archaeology https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8b463cae26ccd291755704ec57d628ef.jpeg 39d0e305ef30d4b963ed0cc18606864b https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/792bd3c743c984bfbd9905572548617d.jpeg 64df8e582c7f9e5602d8ab396c89c2c8 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/39af40059f086620799201b1a2844d01.jpeg 4c15c42657f529de5373a311f3dbe538 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/cf182d806c1e730a399cdf97d36c9214.jpeg d190ed92f55d46966d618496c3c46016 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2ad7e42791353863d4350b793d1ff509.jpeg 2e8144439e73ed04fe3e7e0c673caebe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sites of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Description An account of the resource For this thematic grouping, sites of slavery are designated as historic places (including plantations, wharves, archaeological sites) where "slavery happened" and that commemorate enslaved Africans, their lives, and their labor. We include sites that act as memorials and often have sculpture, public art, or monuments located on their grounds.  Founded in 2014 as a museum, the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1218" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Plantation</a> educates the public about the history of slavery in Louisiana and the brutal production of sugar along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. The historic plantation complex comprises twelve historic structures including slave cabins, a kitchen, a jail, and the main house. This site of slavery includes four memorials: The Wall of Honor, Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, The Field of Angels, and the 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorials. Other sites of slavery include the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1144" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ACTe Mémorial </a>in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, a memorial building and museum on the site of a former sugar plantation; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1164" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Valongo Wharf</a>, an archaeology site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that was the debarkation point of an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1152" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage</a> in Nantes, France, on the Quai de la Fosse along the Loire River, the symbolic departure point of slave ships that sailed from France to Africa. Additional sites to be added include the Freedom Monument Sculpture Park along the Alabama River in Montgomery, Alabama, and the African Ancestors Memorial Garden at the International African American Museum located on Gadsden’s Wharf in Charleston, South Carolina. Note: All sites of slavery in West Africa can be found under the theme of the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Transatlantic Slave Trade/Middle Passage.</a> Updated January 26, 2026 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Varied Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Enslaved Africans' Rain Garden (Yonkers, New York) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bagwell, Vinnie, 1957- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Enslaved persons Philipse Manor Hall State Historic Site (Yonkers, N.Y.) Public art Public sculpture New York (State)--Hudson River New York (State)--Yonkers Slavery--New York (State) Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The public art project including a rain garden is located along the Hudson River in Yonkers. It is comprised of four life-size bronze statues: I'Satta; Themba; Bibi; and Sola and Olumide. The figures commemorate enslaved Africans who resided at the Philipse Manor Hall. I'Satta is a bronze sculpture of a young African woman dressed in eighteenth-century dress. In her left hand, she carries a string of four fish, while she uses her right hand to balance the wood-slat bucket on her head. On the back of her dress is a schematic of a slave ship, a map of Africa, Adinkra symbols, and text that reads "Angola-Madagascar." The bottom of her skirt includes an image of man's face drowning as a ship sails off. On the side of her skirt, the artist included a Braille inscription: "My soul looks back, lest I forget." Bibi represents the elders of enslaved Africans. As she appears to stride forward, Bibi wears a large brim hat and carries a large stick. Braille on her apron reads: “I believe in freedom.” In the folds of her skirt, there is a relief sculpture of a little girl. The sign on the hem of the skirt reads: “FOR SALE A likely… NEGRO WENCH Seven to eight years of age. Has had smallpox. For information, enquire at…” Themba holds a tri-corner hat in his hands as he gazes off into the distance. Braille on his garment reads: “faith, hope, trust.” He stands upon a map of the western world, indicating the routes that slave ships took around the world. Sola and Olumide are sculptures of two young children who embrace each other. On Olumide's back are bas-relief images of African masks, art that is indigenous to their homeland and was seen commercially in America until well after the third quarter of the 20th century. See video about the Enslaved Africans' Rain Garden: https://youtu.be/F4loZRMtCrs. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 19, 2022 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The City of Yonkers; New York Council of the Arts; National Endowment for the Arts; ArtsWestchester; ConEdison; Entergy; New York State Department of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation; Yonkers Board of Education Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20 Water Grant Street, Yonkers, New York, 10701, United States Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Yonkers, 40 Sout Broadway, Yonkers, New York, 10701, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Aiello, Tony. "Enslaved Africans Rain Garden Unveiled in Yonkers." CBS New York. Accessed February 17, 2025. https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/enslaved-africans-rain-garden-unveiled-in-yonkers/. Enslaved African's Rain Garden: A Public Art Iniative. Website, 2022. Accessed February 17, 2025. http://enslavedafricansraingarden.org. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Varied Adinkra symbols bas-relief bronze figurative https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8b5340ee5a4a6fecf588f15370c45d82.jpg 7b9623646024f316ab6fecb68be56212 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sites of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Description An account of the resource For this thematic grouping, sites of slavery are designated as historic places (including plantations, wharves, archaeological sites) where "slavery happened" and that commemorate enslaved Africans, their lives, and their labor. We include sites that act as memorials and often have sculpture, public art, or monuments located on their grounds.  Founded in 2014 as a museum, the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1218" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Plantation</a> educates the public about the history of slavery in Louisiana and the brutal production of sugar along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. The historic plantation complex comprises twelve historic structures including slave cabins, a kitchen, a jail, and the main house. This site of slavery includes four memorials: The Wall of Honor, Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, The Field of Angels, and the 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorials. Other sites of slavery include the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1144" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ACTe Mémorial </a>in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, a memorial building and museum on the site of a former sugar plantation; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1164" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Valongo Wharf</a>, an archaeology site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that was the debarkation point of an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1152" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage</a> in Nantes, France, on the Quai de la Fosse along the Loire River, the symbolic departure point of slave ships that sailed from France to Africa. Additional sites to be added include the Freedom Monument Sculpture Park along the Alabama River in Montgomery, Alabama, and the African Ancestors Memorial Garden at the International African American Museum located on Gadsden’s Wharf in Charleston, South Carolina. Note: All sites of slavery in West Africa can be found under the theme of the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Transatlantic Slave Trade/Middle Passage.</a> Updated January 26, 2026 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Building Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Building: 83,958 sq. ft (7,800m²) Gardens surrounding the museum: 5 acres (20,234m²) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mémorial ACTe (Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Abolition of slavery Enslaved persons Guadeloupe--Pointe-à-Pitre Plantations Transatlantic slave trade Slavery--France Slavery--Guadeloupe Sugar--Social Aspects--History Subject (Object Type) Building and Structures Description An account of the resource Mémorial ACTe is located on the the site of the former Darboussier sugar refinery on the waterfront in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. "The memorial consists of an imposing elongated building that measures 240 meters and is covered with silver grids that represent the roots of the fig trees that grow on the abandoned buildings. At the entrance is the central patio where a metal monument stands representing a giant tree, which symbolizes the roots of Guadeloupean society. The museum, located inside the building, narrates the history of slavery in the Antilles and in America since the beginning of the 17th century through works of art, heritage pieces, video projections, sound environments and interactive tables that testify to the atrocities produced by slavery and human trafficking." ACTe Memorial-CIPDH-UNESCO, https://www.cipdh.gob.ar/memorias-situadas/en/lugar-de-memoria/memorial-acte/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Guadeloupean Architectural Workshop: Pascal Berthelot (BMC) Jean-Michel Mocka-Célestine (BMC) Mikael Marton (Atelier Doré/Marton) Fabien Doré (Atelier Doré/Marton) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 7, 2015 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Building and Structures Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Darboussier, 97110, Rue Raspail, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe Extent The size or duration of the resource. Building: 83,958 sq. ft (7,800m²) Gardens surrounding the museum: 5 acres (20,234m²) Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pointe-%C3%A0-pitre_ACTe_Memorial.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. CIPDH-UNESCO. "ACTe Memorial." Memorias Situadas: Sites of Memory Related to Serious Human Rights Violations. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.cipdh.gob.ar/memorias-situadas/en/lugar-de-memoria/memorial-acte/. Reffin, Alice. "Mémorial ACTe (Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe)" Contested Histories Occasional Paper XV (June 2025). Accessed February 8, 2026. https://contestedhistories.org/wp-content/uploads/OPXV_Memorial-Acte-Guadeloupe.pdf Viala, Fabienne. "The Memorial ACTe." In Postcolonial Realms of Memory: Sites and Symbols in Modern France, eds. Etienne Achille, Charles Forsdick, and Lydie Moudileno, 186-194. Liverpool University Press, 2020. Gosson, Renée. "Breaking Museal Tradition: Guadeloupe's Mémorial ACTe and the Scenography of Slavery." Histoire Sociale/Social History 53, no. 107 (May 2020): 179-194. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black granite; Aluminum; Stainless steel Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Centre Caribéen d’Expressions et de Mémoire de la Traite et de l’Esclavage (Caribbean Centre for Expressions and Memory of the Slave Trade and Slavery) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luc Reinette, Comité International des Peuples Noirs (CIPN, International Committee of Black People); Victorin Lurel, Regional Council of Guadeloupe; Professor Jacques Adelaid–Merlande; Chambre Régionale des Comptes: Guadeloupe; François Confino and Véronique Rozen (interior); Etanco Group (building envelope) aluminum black granite stainless steel sugar trees https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/58d9f6baaac4bd675804681977e0bdb3.jpg 528fbd511bda5718d6fbd7daa160bdbf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sites of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Description An account of the resource For this thematic grouping, sites of slavery are designated as historic places (including plantations, wharves, archaeological sites) where "slavery happened" and that commemorate enslaved Africans, their lives, and their labor. We include sites that act as memorials and often have sculpture, public art, or monuments located on their grounds.  Founded in 2014 as a museum, the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1218" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Plantation</a> educates the public about the history of slavery in Louisiana and the brutal production of sugar along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. The historic plantation complex comprises twelve historic structures including slave cabins, a kitchen, a jail, and the main house. This site of slavery includes four memorials: The Wall of Honor, Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, The Field of Angels, and the 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorials. Other sites of slavery include the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1144" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ACTe Mémorial </a>in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, a memorial building and museum on the site of a former sugar plantation; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1164" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Valongo Wharf</a>, an archaeology site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that was the debarkation point of an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1152" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage</a> in Nantes, France, on the Quai de la Fosse along the Loire River, the symbolic departure point of slave ships that sailed from France to Africa. Additional sites to be added include the Freedom Monument Sculpture Park along the Alabama River in Montgomery, Alabama, and the African Ancestors Memorial Garden at the International African American Museum located on Gadsden’s Wharf in Charleston, South Carolina. Note: All sites of slavery in West Africa can be found under the theme of the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Transatlantic Slave Trade/Middle Passage.</a> Updated January 26, 2026 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Building and Structure Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage (Nantes, France) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Abolition of slavery France--Nantes Slave ships Slavery--France Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Object Type) Memorial Description An account of the resource Erected as a space to remember the atrocities of slavery and to commemorate all past and present efforts to resist it, the memorial was constructed in Nantes—the former center of the French slave trade. Designed by an artist and an architect, it features an open-air staircase that leads to an underground space marked by strong geometric lines and a raw aesthetic. A long passageway, lined with subtle lighting showcases a series of wall panels that highlight key historical moments leading to the abolition of the slave trade. The memorial's clean, minimalist design invites quiet reflection. For an in-depth discussion of the memorial, see the website of the Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage Nantes: https://memorial.nantes.fr/en/discovery/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wodiczko, Krzysztof (artist), 1943- Bonder, Julian (architect), 1962- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 25, 2012 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Building and Structures Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Quai de la Fosse, Passerelle Victor-Schoelcher, 44000 Nantes, France Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. "Discover the Memorial." Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage Nantes. Accessed December 19, 2025. https://memorial.nantes.fr/en/. Furuto, Alison. "Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery / Wodiczko + Bonder." July 26, 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed December 19, 2025. https://www.archdaily.com/256516/memorial-to-the-abolition-of-slavery-wodiczko-bonder. Frith, Nicola. "The Art of Reconciliation: The Memorial to Abolition of Slavery in Nantes." In At the Limits of Memory: Legacies of Slavery in the Francophone World, eds. Nicola Frith and Kate Hodson, 68-89. Liverpool University Press, 2015. CIPDH-UNESCO. "Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery." Memorias Situadas: Sites of Memory Related to Serious Human Rights Violations. Accessed February 10, 2026. https://www.cipdh.gob.ar/memorias-situadas/en/lugar-de-memoria/memorial-de-la-abolicion-de-la-esclavitud/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mémorial_Abolition_Esclavage_-_Nantes_(FR44)_-_2022-09-18_-_1.jpg" title="Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Concrete; Corten steel; Glass; Wood Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Consultants Thomas Long, Design Collaboration & Visualization, Graphic Design; Snehal Intwala, Nicholas Capone, James Shen, Ryan McClain, Bill Panasuik, Emmanuelle Chérel (Research); Patrick Charles (Design; Technical Consultant); Maximo Rohm, Ron Henderson, Michael Blier, (Landscape Consultants – USA). Glass Consultants: James Carpenter, James Carpenter Design Associates (preliminary phase); RFR Engineurs, Paris – Philippe Bompas & Nicolo Baldassini (development & construction). Historic Advisors: David Blight, Gilder Lehrman Center on Slavery, Resistance & Abolition, Yale University; Sven Beckert, Harvard University; Kirk Savage, Pittsburgh University; Vince Brown, Duke University. Ville Nantes– Nantes Métropole: Jean-Marc Ayrault, Former Député-Maire de Nantes / Current French Prime Minister; Yannick Guin, conseiller municipal; Octave Cestor, conseiller municipal; Marie-Hélène Jouzeau, directrice Patrimoine et tourisme; Hervé Guégan, chef de projets, Atelier urbain, Nantes Métropole; Jean-Pierre Brindel, directeur Atelier urbain, Nantes Métropole; Aurélie Roger, directeur projets Atelier urbain, Nantes Métropole. Maitre D’Oeuvre: Arcadis Engineurs, Gildas Legall, Bruno Vasseur, Francois Bailly; Roulleau Architectes, Nantes – Michel Roulleau, Jean Marie Beslou. Construction: General Construction: DLE Ouest, Nicholas Boterf; Glass Wall: Polar, Torino, Paolo Cherasco; Inserts: Atelier Barrois, Brioude, Emmanuel Barrois; Lighting: Citelum, Nantes; Landscape: ISIS Espaces Vertes, Nantes; Steel/Metals: CMR, St. Nazaire, Nantes Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Château des Ducs de Bretagne, Musée d’Histoire de Nantes 4, place Marc Elder, 44000 Nantes, France Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Glass plaque with Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Glass plaques with the word "freedom" translated into 47 languages: Freedom (English) Freiheit (German) Libertad (Spanish) Vrijheid (Dutch) Liberdade (Portuguese) Frihed (Danish) Frihet (Norwegian) Свобода (Russian) Vryheid (Swedish) Huriya (Arabic) Yεrεma honron ya (Bambara) Fכundi (Baoulé) Libèté (Haitian creole) Libèté (Cuban creole) Libèté (Jamaican creole) Libèté (Barbadian creole) Libèté (Louisiana creole) Liberdade (Brazilian creole) Liberte (Reunionnais creole) Liberte (Mauritian creole) Libèté (Guadeloupean creole) Libèté (Guyanese creole) Hכrכnya / Hôrônya (Diola) ablɔɖe (Ewé (Togo) Fahodzi (Fang Cameroon) mɛɖesusi jijɛ (Fongbe) Vryheid (Khoïsan) Kimpwanza (Kikongo) Ufolo (Kimbundu) Fahafahana (Malagasy) Hכrכnya / Hôrônya (Malinké) Foroyaa (Mandinka) Hכrכnya / Hôrônya (Senufo) jeg a xoox of (Serer) Xornimo (Somali) Hכrכnya / Hôrônya (Susu) Uhuru (Swahili) Ahofadi (Twi) Lipanda (Vili) Mom sa bop (Wolof) Inkululeko (Xhosa) òmìniraàyèìjælá ìlúayélujára (Yoruba) Inkululeko (Zulu) Yancìì (Hausa) fridɔm (Krio) lɛgbɔɔɓa (Kpelewo) 90-meter glass plate wall with quotations (Grand Passage): Derek Walcott, "Memory," in The Sea is History, 1979 "Where are your monuments, your battles, martyrs? Where is your tribal memory? Sirs, in that gray vault. The sea. The sea has locked them up. The sea is History." Où sont vos monuments, vos batailles, martyrs? Oú est votre mémoire tribale? Messieurs, dans ce gris coffre-fort. La mer. La mer les a enfermés. La mer est l’Histoire. Mary Prince, The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian slave, related by herself, 1831 (Bermudes) "I then saw my sisters led forth, and sold to different owners; so that we had not the sad satisfaction of being partners in bondage. When the sale was over, my mother hugged and kissed us, and mourned over us, begging of us to keep up a good heart, and do our duty to our new masters. It was a sad parting; one went one way, one another, and our poor mother went home with nothing." Puis j’ai vu mes soeurs être emmenées et vendues à différents propriétaires pour que nous n’ayons pas la maigre consolation d’être partenaires dans l’esclavage. À a fin de la vente, ma mère nous a prises dans ses bras, embrassées, pleurées et suppliées de garder un cœur blanc et d’obéir à nos nouveaux maîtres. Ce furent des adieux déchirants; nous sommes parties chacune de notre côté, et notre pauvre maman est rentrée seule á la maison." Victor Schrelcher, Des colonies françaises, 1842 (France) “Si, comme le disent les colons, on ne peut cultiver les Antilles qu’avec des esclaves, il faut renoncer aux Antilles. La raison d’utilité de la servitude pour la conservation des colonies est de la politique de brigands. Une chose criminelle ne doit pas être necessaire. Périssent les colonies, plutôt qu’un principe.” Quotations include the words of Paul Laraque (1994), Adam Smith (1776), Frederick Douglass (1845), Toussaint Louverture (1793), Olaudah Equiano (1789), Abraham Lincoln (1863), Olympe de Gouges (1788), Léger-Félicité Sonthonax (1793), Bob Marley (1980), Frantz Fanon (1952), Axel Gauvin (1983), Abbé Grégoire (1822), Martin Luther King (1963), Aimé Césaire (1939), Toni Morrison (1987), Nelson Mandala (1994), Louis Timagène (1844), Maryse Romanos (1998), Louis Delgrès (1802), and Léopold Sedar Senghor (1977). For a booklet with all of the quotations etched into the glass wall at the Mémorial, see https://memorial.nantes.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/citations_francais.pdf. Chronology of Abolition (west end of Grand Passage): 1777: Abolition of slavery in Vermont. 1780: Progressive emancipation of slaves in Pennsylvania. 1783: Progressive emancipation of slaves in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Progressive emancipation of slaves in Rhode Island and Connecticut. August, 26 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, France. 1793: The commissioner of the Republic, Monsieur Sonthonax, abolished slavery in the French possession of Saint-Domingue. 1794: The Convention voted the decree of the abolition of slavery, extending Sonthonax’s abolition to the other French colonies. 1802: Reinstatement of the slave trade by Napoleon Bonaparte in compliance with the laws existing before 1789. 1803: Abolition of the slave trade in Denmark. 1804: Abolition of slavery in Haiti. 1806: Britain banned the slave trade for British subjects. 1807: The United States banned the importation of captives and slaves. Britain banned the slave trade on African coasts. Abolition of slavery in Prussia. 1808: The United States banned the slave trade. 1814: Holland banned the slave trade. 1815: During the Vienna Congress, the principal European powers (Austrian Empire, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Russia, and Sweden) made a commitment to end the slave trade. But the practice persisted undercover. During the Hundred Days, Napoleon 1st signed a decree banning the slave trade. 1817: French Law abolished the slave trade. It was reinstated on April 25, 1827 and on February 2, 1831. 1821: Peru: all descendants of slaves born after this date were free, progressive emancipation of those born earlier and prohibition of the slave trade. 1822: Abolition of slavery in Santo Domingo. The state of Liberia was founded in West Africa by an American Colonization Company for the resettlement of former slaves. 1823: Abolition of slavery in Chile. 1824: Abolition of slavery in Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Belize, Salvador, Guatemala. 1826: Abolition of slavery in Bolivia. 1827: Second French law banning the slave trade. 1829: Abolition of slavery in Mexico. 1830: Abolition of slavery in Uruguay. 1833-1838: Enactment of the Abolition bill that provides for a progressive abolition of slavery in the British colonies (West Indies, British Guiana, Mauritius and India). 1836: Complete abolition of slavery in the British colonies. Abolition of slavery in Nicaragua. 1840 and 1843: Global anti-slavery convention in London. 1842: Abolition of slavery in Uruguay and Paraguay. 1846: Abolition of slavery in Tunisia. 1846-1848: Abolition of slavery in the Danish Virgin Island colonies. Saint-Thomas, Saint-Jean, Sainte-Croix. 1847: Abolition of slavery in the Swedish colony of Saint-Barthélemy. 1848: The abolition of slavery was decreed on April 27, 1848 in the French colonies (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guiana, The Reunion Island). 1850: Official abolition of the slave trade in Brazil. However it continued illegally. 1851: Abolition of slavery in Columbia and Ecuador. 1853: Abolition of slavery in Argentina. 1854: Abolition of slavery in Venezuela, Jamaica, and Peru. 1861: Ban of serfdom in Russia. 1863: Abolition of slavery in the Dutch colonies in the Caribbean and Indonesia. 1865: Enactment of the 13th Amendment banning slavery in the United States. 1866: Spanish decree banning the slave trade. 1869: Abolition of slavery in Portuguese colonies. 1873: Abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico, a Spanish colony at the time. 1876: Abolition of slavery in Turkey. 1885: Adoption of measures against slavery in Africa at the Berlin Conference. 1886: Abolition of slavery in Cuba. 1888: Effective abolition of slavery in Brazil. For the full chronology, see the website of the Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage Nantes: https://memorial.nantes.fr/en/key-dates-in-the-chronology-of-abolitions/#contenu. concrete Corten steel etched glass slave ship wood https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/73ca10f703ac89f7fa5ce0a297adbe65.jpeg d90ba7847b56e82a38ed989b560a8630 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1e8a87f1369061ce67a96b516fcca9fd.jpeg cd4ed5b1d0321bdb4ed770968c3dea0e https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0826a728cd442f8f627122c714b9ca56.jpg a9f3f348baed83770e7ae0d6ee8ccc18 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/04da948604d58e22497f323ecb4e0a90.jpg af10d4a20ef420a5ba84f3996e4713b4 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/472543f63b394b1b0fd7c4fbce2a5fa2.jpg ee17c7b9c27d0f3e83b0be2cc49cfd31 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0306e44e50db2f2b16a03cacf814fe05.jpg 5bd14231c040f5cd7202cf8413f34e79 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/e2e8bbab502224b051ba23c894716da0.jpg ce0aa641e80a32d80382c881e4857a2c https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c1f4e46957f61e0e126cb750a894a61c.jpg 1b6b6f41198f7b18e0d96a9960f9b3a5 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/cad2c3e70ec715a551444fce2571add6.jpg c9f98c0d6cdbf78d381e20a1b6e6cb42 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sites of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Description An account of the resource For this thematic grouping, sites of slavery are designated as historic places (including plantations, wharves, archaeological sites) where "slavery happened" and that commemorate enslaved Africans, their lives, and their labor. We include sites that act as memorials and often have sculpture, public art, or monuments located on their grounds.  Founded in 2014 as a museum, the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1218" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Whitney Plantation</a> educates the public about the history of slavery in Louisiana and the brutal production of sugar along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. The historic plantation complex comprises twelve historic structures including slave cabins, a kitchen, a jail, and the main house. This site of slavery includes four memorials: The Wall of Honor, Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, The Field of Angels, and the 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorials. Other sites of slavery include the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1144" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ACTe Mémorial </a>in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, a memorial building and museum on the site of a former sugar plantation; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1164" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Valongo Wharf</a>, an archaeology site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that was the debarkation point of an estimated 900,000 enslaved Africans; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1152" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mémorial de l'abolition de l'esclavage</a> in Nantes, France, on the Quai de la Fosse along the Loire River, the symbolic departure point of slave ships that sailed from France to Africa. Additional sites to be added include the Freedom Monument Sculpture Park along the Alabama River in Montgomery, Alabama, and the African Ancestors Memorial Garden at the International African American Museum located on Gadsden’s Wharf in Charleston, South Carolina. Note: All sites of slavery in West Africa can be found under the theme of the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Transatlantic Slave Trade/Middle Passage.</a> Updated January 26, 2026 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Buildings and Structures Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Whitney Plantation Museum (Edgard, Louisiana) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cummings, John, 1938- (museum founder) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Enslaved persons Louisiana--Edgard Louisiana--St. John the Baptist Parish Plantations--Louisiana Slavery--Louisiana Sugar--Social Aspects--History Subject (Object Type) History Museums Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Dedicated to the history of enslavement in the Louisiana, the Whitney Plantation is sited on the grounds where enslaved people labored in bondage for over 100 years. The historical site, museum, and memorials are located in St. John the Baptist Parish in Edgard, Louisiana. The museum is comprised of twelve historic structures including restored slave cabins, a kitchen, and the main house. Four memorials are also located on the grounds. The Wall of Honor is dedicated to all of the people who were enslaved at the Whitney Plantation including their names, places of origin, their skill, and dates of birth. The Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall memorial is is named for the histoiran Gwendolyn Midlo Hall (1929-2022). Hall created the Louisiana Slave Database to document the enslaved persons who lived in Louisiana from 1719-1820. She "rescued the identies" of thousands who were enslaved in the territory, and then, state. The memorial is made up of eighteen black granite walls engraved with the names of the 107,000 enslaved persons from the Louisiana Slave Database. The Field of Angels is dedicated to the 2,200 enslaved children who died in St. John the Baptist Parish (Louisiana) from 1823-1863, documented in the Sacramental Records of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. It includes a bronze statue of Black angel carrying a child to heaven and a low black granite, circular wall with the children's names engraved on it. The 1811 German Coast Uprising Memorial commemorates the largest slave revolt in U.S. history that took place on January 8-10, 1811. Enslaved persons from St. Charles and St. John the Baptist parishes rose up and planned to walk to New Orleans. They were stopped after a battle with local white militia. Dozens of enslaved persons were condemned to death and beheaded. Artist Woodrow Nash (b. 1948) created the 63 ceramic heads mounted on steel rods that make up the memorial. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 7, 2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Building and Structures Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 5099 Louisiana Highway 19, Edgard, Louisiana, 70449, United States Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Whitney Plantation, 5099 Louisiana Highway 19, Edgard, Louisiana, 70449, United States Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Armstrong, Kalim. "Telling the Story of Slavery." The New Yorker, February 17, 2016. Accessed May 1, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/telling-the-story-of-slavery. Johnson, Jessica Marie. "Time, Space, Memory at Whitney Plantation." Black Perspectives, AAIHS, March 14, 2015. Accessed on February 17, 2025. https://www.aaihs.org/time-space-and-memory-at-the-whitney-plantation/. Whitney Plantation. Teaching and Learning About American Slavery: Educational Resources for All. Accessed February 6, 2026. https://whitneyplantation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Educational-Resources-About-American-Slavery-3.pdf. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black granite; Bronze; Ceramic; Brick; Wood bronze historic architecture marble memorial wall names sugar