1 10 5 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/d614f341f474877640c3f7c535839aad.jpeg a367720c1b1114f2bfae06804527bfc7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abolition of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource This grouping of commemorative works focus on the abolition of slavery in countries engaged with the slave trade including England, France, The Netherlands, and Spain. England enacted the Slave Trade Act of 1807, prohibiting the Atlantic slave trade in the British Empire. It did not abolish slavery in its colonies until the 1833 Slavery Abolition Act. France first abolished slavery on February 4, 1794, during the French Revolution. Napolean Bonaparte reinstituted slavery in France's colonies in 1802. Slavery was officially abolished in France with the Decree of the Abolition of Slavery of April 27, 1848. The Netherlands officially abolished slavery in its colonies (Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean) on July 1, 1863, but it was not until July 1, 1873, that enslaved persons were freed from state supervision on plantations. Spain abolished the slave trade in 1817 with a treaty with England, which was not enforced until 1820. However, slavery continued in its colonies. The Spanish National Assembly abolished slavery in Puerto Rico in 1863 and in Cuba in 1886. Updated January 26, 2026 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monumento a la abolición de las esclavitud (Ponce, Puerto Rico) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Abolition of slavery Enslaved persons--Emancipation Freedom Public art Public sculpture Puerto Rico--Ponce Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Object Type): Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource A bronze sculpture of a seminude, Black man in a kneeling position is located at the southernmost point of El Parque de la Abolición (Abolition Park) in Ponce, Puerto Rico. His hands are open, palms facing upward, with broken manacles hanging from his wrists. The cement base of the monument features a bronze plaque with inscriptions. Behind the figure rises a one-hundred-foot-tall triangular marble obelisk. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cott, Victor Manuel, 1898-1962 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph by Nélari Figueroa Torres, 2024 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource City of Ponce (obelisk designer) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Casa Alcaldía de Ponce, Calle Villa, Ponce, 00730, Puerto Rico Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Parque de la Abolición, 294P+9W6, PR-123, Barrio Cuarto, Ponce, 00732, Puerto Rico, United States Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Marble Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Aponte Rivera, Ana Cristina. “Víctor Cott Negrón.” Periodica El Valle 9, September 22, 2014. Accessed August 26, 2024. https://issuu.com/ccvc/docs/peridicoelvalle. García, Rafael V. Capó. “Monuments to Mestizaje and the Commemoration of Racial Democracy in Puerto Rico.” Visual Anthropology Review 39, no. 2 (Fall 2023): 350–87. Pagán, Wilbert. “Victor Manuel Cott Negron: Nuestro Primer Escultor Por Excelencia.” El Vocero de Puerto Rico, February 4, 2023. Accessed August 26, 2024. https://issuu.com/vocero.com/docs/v02042023/18. Extent The size or duration of the resource. Obelisk: 1200 in. (3048 cm) Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on the plaque on the front of the monument, Spanish: MONUMENTO A LA ABOLICIÓN DE LA ESCLAVITUD CONMEMORA EL DECRETO DE LA ABOLICIÓN DE LA ESCLAVITUD EN PUERTO RICO EL 22 DE MARZO DE 1873 EL OBELISCO CON LA ESTATUA DE UN NEGRO LIBERTO FUE CREACIÓN DEL ARTISTA VÍCTOR COTT. INAUGURADO EN 1956, DURANTE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DEL ALCALDE ANDRÉSGRILLASCA SALAS, Y RESTAURADO EN EL 2006, DURANTE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DEL ALCALDE FRANCISCO ZAYAS SEIJO. 22 DE MARZO DE 2008 Inscription on the plaque on the front of the monument, English translation: MONUMENT TO THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY COMMEMORATES THE ACT THAT ABOLISHED SLAVERY IN PUERTO RICO ON MARCH 22, 1873 THE OBELISK WITH THE STATUE OF A FREED BLACK MAN WAS CREATED BY THE ARTIST VICTOR COTT. INAUGURATED IN 1956, DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR ANDRÉS GRILLASCA SALAS, AND RESTORED IN 2006, DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR FRANCISCO ZAYAS SEIJO. MARCH 22, 2008 bronze manacles marble obelisk https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/d17eedd1cef2ebb69b85644859142dc4.jpg 62fdf503218aa25488aa6e68e0b1dcbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abolition of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource This grouping of commemorative works focus on the abolition of slavery in countries engaged with the slave trade including England, France, The Netherlands, and Spain. England enacted the Slave Trade Act of 1807, prohibiting the Atlantic slave trade in the British Empire. It did not abolish slavery in its colonies until the 1833 Slavery Abolition Act. France first abolished slavery on February 4, 1794, during the French Revolution. Napolean Bonaparte reinstituted slavery in France's colonies in 1802. Slavery was officially abolished in France with the Decree of the Abolition of Slavery of April 27, 1848. The Netherlands officially abolished slavery in its colonies (Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean) on July 1, 1863, but it was not until July 1, 1873, that enslaved persons were freed from state supervision on plantations. Spain abolished the slave trade in 1817 with a treaty with England, which was not enforced until 1820. However, slavery continued in its colonies. The Spanish National Assembly abolished slavery in Puerto Rico in 1863 and in Cuba in 1886. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 354.331 x 196.85 in. (900 x 500 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clave/Monument to Slavery (Rotterdam, The Netherlands) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Abolition of slavery Public art Public sculpture Slave ships The Netherlands--Rotterdam Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource da Silva, Alex, 1974-2019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 16, 2013 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lloydstraat, 45-59, 3024 Rotterdam, The Netherlands Extent The size or duration of the resource. 354.331 x 196.85 in. (900 x 500 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Corten steel; Hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel Description An account of the resource Four nude figures dance across the abstracted bow of a ship. Each figure strikes a distinct, rhythmic pose even as they are shackled together at the ankle by iron chains. The outer most figure appears to have broken free from this rhythmic chain-gang. Iron chains dangle freely from his right ankle. Unveiled on the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in Surinam and the Dutch Antilles, the memorial is located along the Maas River in Lloydkwartier, a newly designed neighborhood built in the old port area of Delfshaven. The work’s location and title evoke the Dutch slave trade. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. "Alex da Silva. clave. Monument to Slavery (2013)." BKOR-CBK Rotterdam. Accessed February 15, 2025. https://www.bkor.nl/en/beeld/clave-monument-voor-de-slavernij/. Thissen, Siebe. "In Memoriam Alex da Silva (1974-2019)." BKOR-CBK Rotterdam. Accessed February 15, 2025. https://www.bkor.nl/en/documentatie/in-memoriam-alex-da-silva-1974-2019/. Art@Site. "Alex da Silva." Accessed May 28, 2019. http://www.artatsite.com/Rotterdam/details/Silva-Alex-da-Slavernijmonument-Clave-sculpture-statue-Art-At-Site-Rotterdam.html. Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription in Dutch: Het lichaam is dat slaaf is vertrekt de ziel die vrij is blijft English translation: The body, which is a slave, departs, but the soul, which is free, remains. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph by Emily Hirsch, 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Surinam Working Group; STC Group; Municipality of Rotterdam; and CBK Rotterdam Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Municipality of Rotterdam, City Hall, Coolsingel 40, 3011 AD Rotterdam, The Netherlands Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Slavernijmonument Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater abstract chains Corten steel figurative galvanized steel shackles slave ship https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/37d22a59412fe26ba8bb488e0ef28b16.jpg 63c069dfa373297b6ce926c2191f8498 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abolition of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource This grouping of commemorative works focus on the abolition of slavery in countries engaged with the slave trade including England, France, The Netherlands, and Spain. England enacted the Slave Trade Act of 1807, prohibiting the Atlantic slave trade in the British Empire. It did not abolish slavery in its colonies until the 1833 Slavery Abolition Act. France first abolished slavery on February 4, 1794, during the French Revolution. Napolean Bonaparte reinstituted slavery in France's colonies in 1802. Slavery was officially abolished in France with the Decree of the Abolition of Slavery of April 27, 1848. The Netherlands officially abolished slavery in its colonies (Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean) on July 1, 1863, but it was not until July 1, 1873, that enslaved persons were freed from state supervision on plantations. Spain abolished the slave trade in 1817 with a treaty with England, which was not enforced until 1820. However, slavery continued in its colonies. The Spanish National Assembly abolished slavery in Puerto Rico in 1863 and in Cuba in 1886. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gilt of Cain (London, England) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Abolition of slavery England--London Public art Public sculpture Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Located near St. Mary Woolnoth Church, where the abolitionist William Wilberforce heard the anti-slavery sermons of the Rev. John Newton, the monument consists of seventeen carved granite columns clustered around a granite podium. The curvilinear forms of the columns recall the growing stems of sugarcane. According to the artists, the position of the columns and podium are meant to suggest a group of people “gathered to listen to a speaker – perhaps the Rev. Newton preaching against slavery, perhaps a trader auctioning his slaves, perhaps William Wilberforce campaigning in front of an audience.” Excerpts from Lemn Sissay's poem, The Gilt of Cain, are etched on the columns. The words are inscribed in the same typography used in early abolitionist literature printed near the site. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Visocchi, Michael (sculptor), 1977- Sissay, Lemn (poet), 1967- Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Black British Heritage; Parish of St Mary Woolnoth; City of London Corporation; British Land Company Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 120 Fenchurch Street, London, EC3M 5BA, England Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Plaque: Gilt of Cain by Michael Visocchi & Lemn Sissay This powerful sculpture was unveiled by the Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Mpilo Tutu on 4th September 2008. The sculpture commemorates the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade in 1807, which began the process of the emancipation of slaves throughout the British Empire. Fen Court is the site of a churchyard formerly of St Gabriel’s Fenchurch St and now in the Parish of St Edmund the King and St Mary Woolnoth, Lombard St. The latter has a strong historical connection with the abolitionist movement of the 18th and 19th centuries. The Rev John Newton, a slave-trader turned preacher and abolitionist, was rector of St Mary Woolnoth from 1780 – 1807. Newton worked closely alongside the famous abolitionist William Wilberforce. The granite sculpture is composed of a group of columns surrounding a podium. The podium calls to mind an ecclesiastical pulpit or slave auctioneer’s stance, whilst the columns evoke stems of sugar cane and are positioned to suggest an anonymous crowd or congregation gathered to listen to a speaker. The artwork is the result of a collaboration between sculptor Michael Visocchi and poet Lemn Sissay. Extracts from Lemn Sissay’s poem, ‘Gilt of Cain’, are engraved into the granite. The poem skilfully weaves the coded language of the City’s stock exchange trading floor with biblical Old Testament references. Poem inscribed on work: "The Gilt of Cain By Lemn Sissay, 2007 Here is the ask price on the closed position, History is no inherent acquisition For here the Technical Correction upon the act, A merger of truth and in actual fact On the spot, on the money – the spread. The dealer lied when the dealer said The bull was charging the bear was dead, The market must calculate per capita, not head. And great traders acting in concert, arms rise As the actuals frought on the sea of franchise Thrown overboard into the exchange to drown In distressed brokers disconsolate frown. In accounting liquidity is a mounting morbidity But raising the arms with such rigid rapidity, Oh the reaping the raping rapacious fluidity, The violence the vicious and vexed volatility. The roaring trade floor rises above crashing waves: The traders buy ships, beneath the slaves. Sway machete back, sway machete again Cut back the sugar rush, Cain. The whipsaw it’s all and the whip saw it all The rising market and the cargo fall Who’ll enter “Jerusalem” make the margin call for Abel? Who will kick over the stall and turn the table? Cain gathers cane as gilt-gift to his land But whose sword of truth shall not sleep in hand? Who shall unlock the stocks and share? Break the bond the bind unbound - lay bare The truth. Cash flow runs deep but spirit deeper You ask Am I my brothers keeper? I answer by nature by spirit by rightful laws My name, my brother, Wilberforce. This project was initiated by Black British Heritage and the Parish of St Mary Woolnoth and was commissioned by the City of London Corporation in partnership with the British Land Company. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Granite Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fen_Court_and_%22Gilt_of_Cain%22_Sculpture_(geograph_3302507).jpg" title="Gilt of Cain" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a><a href="https://futurecity.co.uk/portfolio/gilt-of-cain/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 4, 2008 Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. <a href="https://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/gilt-of-cain-slave-trade" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>London Remembers. "Gilt of Cain-Slave Trade." Accessed February 15, 2025. https://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/gilt-of-cain-slave-trade. Rice, Alan. "Chapter One, Tracing Slavery's Routes and Looking Inside the Invisible: The Monumental Landscape and the African Atlantic." In Creating Memorials, Building Identities: The Politics of Memory in the Black Atlantic, 1-31. Liverpool University Press, 2010. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Art UK, c/o Staffordshire University Incubator Unit, 2nd Floor, Mellor Building, College Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DE, England abstract columns granite inscription poetry https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/d0a46e259b723a478013be39289f9f7a.jpg af442c285562a5f14c81eeae350ef4a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abolition of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource This grouping of commemorative works focus on the abolition of slavery in countries engaged with the slave trade including England, France, The Netherlands, and Spain. England enacted the Slave Trade Act of 1807, prohibiting the Atlantic slave trade in the British Empire. It did not abolish slavery in its colonies until the 1833 Slavery Abolition Act. France first abolished slavery on February 4, 1794, during the French Revolution. Napolean Bonaparte reinstituted slavery in France's colonies in 1802. Slavery was officially abolished in France with the Decree of the Abolition of Slavery of April 27, 1848. The Netherlands officially abolished slavery in its colonies (Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean) on July 1, 1863, but it was not until July 1, 1873, that enslaved persons were freed from state supervision on plantations. Spain abolished the slave trade in 1817 with a treaty with England, which was not enforced until 1820. However, slavery continued in its colonies. The Spanish National Assembly abolished slavery in Puerto Rico in 1863 and in Cuba in 1886. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Slavernijmonument/National Slavery Monument (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Abolition of slavery Public art Public sculpture Slave ships The Netherlands--Amsterdam Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Taken collectively, the elongated bronze figures of enslaved Africans evoke the hull of a ship. An over life-sized woman, her arms outstretched as she arches her body backward, recalls the ship’s prow. The stern of the ship is personified by a number of nude figures, staggering forward, tethered to one another by the shackles around their necks and wrists. The rough-hewn texture of the bronze surface abstracts the individual features of each figure. The memorial commemorates the abolition of slavery in the Netherlands in 1863. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource de Vries, Erwin, 1929-2018 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stichting Sophiedela; National Platform Slavery Past (Landelijk Platform Slavernijverleden, LPS) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Oosterpark 9, 1092 AA Amsterdam, The Netherlands Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Slavernij_monument_oosterpark.jpg" target="_blank" title="Slavernijmonument/National Slavery Monument " rel="noopener">Wikipedia Commons</a> Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Kardux, Johanna C. "Monuments of the Black Atlantic: Slavery Memorials in the United States and the Netherlands." In Blackening Europe: The African American Presence, ed. Heike Raphael-Hernandez, 87-105. Routledge: 2004. Horton, James Oliver and Johanna C. Kardux. "Slavery and the Contest for National Heritage in the United States and the Netherlands." American Studies International 42, nos. 2 and 3 (June-October 2004): 51-74. van Stipriaan, Alex, "Disrupting the Canon: The Case of Slavery." In Beyond the Canon: History of the Twenty-first Century, eds. Maria Grever and Siep Sturrman, 205-219. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. abstract bronze figurative manacles shackles slave ship https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c97fa0b3696a9312696d8c1fa5ff9a9e.jpg 2ca7e07487306780d3e3596fd9864528 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abolition of Slavery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource This grouping of commemorative works focus on the abolition of slavery in countries engaged with the slave trade including England, France, The Netherlands, and Spain. England enacted the Slave Trade Act of 1807, prohibiting the Atlantic slave trade in the British Empire. It did not abolish slavery in its colonies until the 1833 Slavery Abolition Act. France first abolished slavery on February 4, 1794, during the French Revolution. Napolean Bonaparte reinstituted slavery in France's colonies in 1802. Slavery was officially abolished in France with the Decree of the Abolition of Slavery of April 27, 1848. The Netherlands officially abolished slavery in its colonies (Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean) on July 1, 1863, but it was not until July 1, 1873, that enslaved persons were freed from state supervision on plantations. Spain abolished the slave trade in 1817 with a treaty with England, which was not enforced until 1820. However, slavery continued in its colonies. The Spanish National Assembly abolished slavery in Puerto Rico in 1863 and in Cuba in 1886. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 196.8 in. (499.87 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fers, hommage au General Dumas (Paris, France) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Abolition of slavery France--Paris Public art Public sculpture Transatlantic slave trade Subject (Name) Davy de La Pailleterie, Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, 1762-1806 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Made in 2008, the monumental ironwork is dedicated to both the memory of General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas (Davy de La Pailleterie), the first Black general in France and in acknowledgment of the abolition of slavery. The memorial was dedicated on April 4, 2009, with support from UNESCO. The work, consisting of two broken shackles and iron chains, was erected on the site of Alphonse-Emmanuel de Moncel's Monument au Général Dumas (1913). The Vichy regime destroyed this statue in 1942 during the Nazi occupation of France. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lacourt, Driss Sans-Arcidet, 1960- also known as Le Musée Khômbol Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 4, 2009 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Claude Ribbe; L'association des amis du Général Dumas; Office of the Mayor of Paris Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Jardin Solitude, Place du General Catroux, Avenue de Villiers, 75017 Paris, France Extent The size or duration of the resource. 196.8 in. (499.872 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Iron Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. "Un symbole contre l'esclavage en plein Paris." Le Parisien, February 18, 2009. Accessed April 29, 2019. http://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-75017/un-symbole-contre-l-esclavage-en-plein-paris-18-02-2009-414757.php. "Paris : Fers brisés, hommage au général Thomas Alexandre Dumas, une oeuvre signée Musée Khômbol alias Driss Sans-Arcidet - XVIIème." Paris La Douce, June 15, 2019. Accessed December 20, 2025. https://www.parisladouce.com/2019/06/paris-fers-brises-hommage-au-general.html. Khadraoui-Fortune, Sophia. "General Alexandre Dumas: A Century-long Tale of Memorials." Contemporary French Civilization 50, no. 4 (December 4, 2025): 389-409. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jardin_Solitude_et_Fers_Paris_2022.jpg" title="Jardin Solitude et Fers Paris 2022" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Signage: Général Alexandre Dumas Œuvre réalisée par Musée Khômbol 2008 Dominique Tillard Constructeur Commande publique de la Ville de Paris Thomas-Alexandre Davy de La Pailleterie, né esclave à Jérémie (Saint-Domingue, aujourd'hui Haïti) le 25 mars 1762 d'une femme esclave d'origine africaine et d'un colon, mort libre à Villers-Cotterêts (Aisne) le 26 février 1806. Il s'engage à vingt-quatre ans comme cavalier sous le pseudonyme d'Alexandre Dumas. Héroïque combattant des armées révolutionnaires, il sera rapidement promu général, le premier d'origine afro antillaise. Commandant en chef de l'armée des Pyrénées, des Alpes, de l'Ouest, fondateur des Chasseurs alpins, héros de l'armée d'Italie, connu pour son courage et sa valeur exceptionnels, mais aussi sa sensibilité, son respect des prisonniers et des populations civiles, il saura démissionner pour épargner les Vendéens et sa conscience, justifiant son surnom de Monsieur de l'Humanité Capturé à son retour de l'expédition d'Égypte, il subit deux années d'une dure détention et, revenu en France en 1802 au moment du rétablissement de l'esclavage, il n'obtient le bénéfice d'aucun des honneurs qui lui sont dus. Son fils reprendra ce même pseudonyme d'Alexandre Dumas et s'inspirera des aventures du Général pour écrire Les Trois Mousquetaires, dont le succès contribuera à faire de lui l'écrivain français le plus lu dans le monde. Un troisième Alexandre Dumas, auteur de La Dame aux Camélias, petit-fils du Général, viendra clore cette dynastie. La présente œuvre remplace la statue de 1913 détruite sous l'occupation nazie et rejoint sur cette place les monuments dédiés à son fils et son petit-fils. English translation: Thomas-Alexandre Davy de La Pailleterie, born a slave in Jérémie (Saint-Domingue, today Haiti) on March 25, 1762 to a slave woman of African origin and a colonist, died free in Villers-Cotterêts (Aisne, France) February 26, 1806. He signed up as a rider at the age of twenty-four under the pseudonym Alexandre Dumas. A heroic fighter in revolutionary armies, he was quickly promoted to general, the first of Afro-Caribbean origin. Commander-in-chief at times, of the armies of the Pyrenees, the Alps, and the West, founder of the Alpine Hunters, hero of the army of Italy, known for his exceptional courage and valor, but also his sensitivity, his respect for prisoners and civilian populations, he also would know how to resign to spare the Vendéens and his conscience, justifying his nickname of Monsieur de l'Humanité. Captured on his return from the Egyptian expedition, he underwent two years of harsh detention and, returning to France in 1802 at the time of the reestablishment of slavery, he did not obtain the benefit of any of the honors which were due to him. His son took up the same pseudonym of Alexandre Dumas and was inspired by the General's adventures to write The Three Musketeers, the success of which helped to make him the most widely read French writer in the world. A third Alexandre Dumas, author of La Dame aux Camélias, grandson of the General, completed this dynasty. This work replaces the 1913 statue destroyed under the Nazi occupation and joins the monuments dedicated to his son and grandson on this square. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Office of the Mayor of Paris, Hôtel de Ville, Place de l'Hôtel de Ville, 75004 Paris, France abstract chains iron shackles