13 10 134 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/19c814fb78284a827ddf5de2c1d1b5fb.jpg dafe75eab288e1b9572d94c662430506 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 180 in. (457.2 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graffiti Harriet (ephemeral) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Scott, Joyce J., 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Ephemeral art New Jersey--Hamilton Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource A monumental sculpture of Harriet Tubman made of soil, clay, and straw, is scrawled with the words from Frederick Douglass. The sculpture was made from perishable materials, meant to dissolve over the winter. The artist Joyce Scott designed the sculpture so that only the beaded patchwork and gun would remain after the winter weather. The sculpture was installed at the Grounds for Sculpture from October 20, 2017-April 1, 2018. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/towering-figure-macarthur-fellowship-winner-joyce-j-scott-charts-new-artistic-territory/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mike Morgan</a> for Baltimore Magazine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 20, 2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Grounds for Sculpture, 80 Sculptors Way, Hamilton, New Jersey, 08619, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Grounds for Sculpture, 80 Sculptors Way, Hamilton, New Jersey, 08619, United States Extent The size or duration of the resource. 180 in. (457.2 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Soil; Clay; Straw; Resin gun with beads; Found objects Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Princethal, Nancy. "Inspired by Harriet Tubman: An Artist Takes Glass to Extremes." New York Times, January 4, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/arts/design/joyce-j-scott-grounds-for-sculpture-harriet-tubman.html. Dube, Ilene. "I Was an Artist in Vitro": Joyce J. Scott and Her Darkly Beautiful Art. Hyperallergic, January 30, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://hyperallergic.com/423894/i-was-an-artist-in-vitro-joyce-j-scott-and-her-darkly-beautiful-art/. Sims, Lowery Stokes and Patterson Sims. Joyce J. Scott: Harriet Tubman and Other Truths. Exh. cat. Hamilton, NJ: Grounds for Sculpture, 2018. Souza, Gabriella. "Towering Figure: After Winning a McArthur Fellowship, Joyce J. Scott Charts New Artistic Territory." Baltimore Magazine, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/towering-figure-macarthur-fellowship-winner-joyce-j-scott-charts-new-artistic-territory/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Relation A related resource <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/14" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Araminta With Rifle and Veve, Grounds for Sculpture</a> References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grounds for Sculpture; Lowery Stokes Sims; Patterson Sims; Seph Rodney; Robbye D. and Kevin Apperson; Jacqueline and Rene Copeland; Mike De Paola; Gordon and Lulie Gund; Greg Kucera and Larry Yocum; Barbara Lawrence and Allen Laskin; Martha Macks-Kahn; Henry Thaggert; Alan White; Clifford Ward (resident artist Grounds for Sculpture); Jeff Capes (contractor); Jason Wright; The Seward Johnson Atelier (Hamilton, NJ); John Lash and the Digital Atelier (Mercerville, NJ); and Tim McFadden and McFadden Art Glass (Baltimore, MD) beads figurative found objects https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/eae68eafc47aa1634ff49681b4b234ee.jpg 160a487be55b26d28bf4b47f50dd4330 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Dimensions variable Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Araminta With Rifle and Veve (ephemeral) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Ephermeral art New Jersey--Hamilton Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource A monumental outdoor figure of Harriet Tubman depicts her wearing a collared, long dress, holding a richly decorated rifle in her right hand—with its butt adored with flowers—and a colorfully beaded ceremonial staff called veve in her left. The statue is made of milled foam and coated with a bronze-colored patina. Tubman stands on a series of steps draped with numerous colorful quilts. The sculpture was installed at the Grounds for Sculpture from October 20, 2017-April 1, 2018. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Scott, Joyce J., 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/arts/design/joyce-j-scott-grounds-for-sculpture-harriet-tubman.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bryan Anselm</a> for the New York Times Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 20, 2017-April 1, 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Grounds for Sculpture, 80 Sculptors Way, Hamilton, New Jersey, 08619, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Grounds for Sculpture, 80 Sculptors Way, Hamilton, New Jersey, 08619, United States Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Milled foam; Found objects; Blown glass; Mixed media appliqués; Beads Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Princethal, Nancy. "Inspired by Harriet Tubman: An Artist Takes Glass to Extremes." New York Times, January 4, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/arts/design/joyce-j-scott-grounds-for-sculpture-harriet-tubman.html Dube, Ilene. "I Was an Artist in Vitro": Joyce J. Scott and Her Darkly Beautiful Art. Hyperallergic, January 30, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://hyperallergic.com/423894/i-was-an-artist-in-vitro-joyce-j-scott-and-her-darkly-beautiful-art/. Sims, Lowery Stokes and Patterson Sims. Joyce J. Scott: Harriet Tubman and Other Truths. Exh. cat. Hamilton, NJ: Grounds for Sculpture, 2018. Souza, Gabriella. "Towering Figure: After Winning a McArthur Fellowship, Joyce J. Scott Charts New Artistic Territory." Baltimore Magazine, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/towering-figure-macarthur-fellowship-winner-joyce-j-scott-charts-new-artistic-territory/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Extent The size or duration of the resource. Dimensions variable References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grounds for Sculpture; Lowery Stokes Sims; Patterson Sims; Seph Rodney; Robbye D. and Kevin Apperson; Jacqueline and Rene Copeland; Mike De Paola; Gordon and Lulie Gund; Greg Kucera and Larry Yocum; Barbara Lawrence and Allen Laskin; Martha Macks-Kahn; Henry Thaggert; Alan White; Clifford Ward (resident artist Grounds for Sculpture); Jeff Capes (contractor); Jason Wright; The Seward Johnson Atelier (Hamilton, NJ); John Lash and the Digital Atelier (Mercerville, NJ); and Timothy McFadden and McFadden Art Glass (Baltimore, MD) beads figurative found objects quilt squares https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/919d65fce9e8f33328adc49703e2bec2.jpg cbab4a0d282379255e0a6418607ceb9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 22 x 24 in. (55.88 x 60.96 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial (reduced version) (Claremont, California) Subject The topic of the resource <subject topic="" br=""></subject>Antislavery movements--United States California--Claremont Freedom Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saar, Alison, 1956- Description An account of the resource The sculptor Alison Saar created this smaller version of Harriet Tubman based on the full-scale Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial in New York City. Tubman is shown in motion, striding forward with one hand clasping the strap of her shoulder bag. From the side, she is shown pulling away from the gnarled, root-like branches that appear to symbolize her breaking free from bondage. Her facial expression is calm and resolute. She wears a buttoned, long-sleeved shirt and a long skirt, the surface of which is adorned with small raised faces, manacles, and other symbolic elements. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.scrippscollege.edu/news/releases/scripps-college-to-dedicate-sculpture-of-harriet-tubman-for-new-sculpture-garden" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scripps College</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 10, 2010 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Installation made possible with gifts from Jacqueline Avant, Carol Vernon, and Robert Turbin Extent The size or duration of the resource. 22 x 24 in. (55.88 x 60.96 cm) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Scripps College, 1030 Columbia Avenue, Claremont, California, 91711, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bixby Court, Ruth Chandler Williamson Gallery, 251 E 11 Street, Claremont, California, 91711, United States Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Stone Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. News Releases. "Scripps College Dedicates Sculpture of Harriet Tubman for New Sculpture Garden." News. Scripps College. Accessed April 1, 2018. http://www.scrippscollege.edu/news/releases/scripps-college-to-dedicate-sculpture-of-harriet-tubman-for-new-sculpture-garden. Video. "Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Sculpture Dedication." Scripps College. Accessed April 1, 2018. <http://rcwg.scrippscollege.edu/blog/2010/03/10/swing-low-harriet-tubman-sculpture-dedication/. "Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial: Installed in College's New Sculpture Garden." Scripps Magazine, Spring 2010. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://issuu.com/scrippscollege/docs/2010-spring1. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial, New York City, New York</a> bronze figurative manacles portrait trees https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/882c01accc8d120bd0af1594c45d0458.jpg b54e89c991485387804707ba3f1a0268 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ce65a8c6f0a817b8b2b3739b50c917ca.jpg f7c5935049d866435a29acebf4b9bf9b https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/3546210485d2739957b43a1df2eb3824.jpg d49eef35f9a955fdb7b96eaa0e3a3ea2 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/d5e84b685a1e6b45363923aec1e8289e.jpg 21c961271d20fdbe807b37240462fb73 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1f6da1b955dd143122082594acf6f612.jpg c616a3649e9d1d1a77e80dfb3ddf5a2b https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/56cf617b7737ab736b69513396771ea0.jpg c8a8c78b44ddd747320da9d25ce72eff https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/34a5b02d3bc3a13da3be09e086ffcb1c.jpg 7b773a5894847cf8bde731261972d971 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/155c1422b4b33bdf21b97c216438c206.jpg 62212857abf0af743f214ef9023f6e11 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/af7687038cfe317e988cebd9a70d74fe.jpg 7c185137e1e179cb66e7cef2b67a4000 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/b410f1f955170fc6324e536234898a34.jpg d6766343c25f47786746ee01fdd1b370 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/f07754b067e85b3137864aa1d7d1fff1.jpg 76d4b49edcd691a211d1317ad55203ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 156 x 96 x 132 in. (396.24 x 243.84 x 335.28 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial (New York, New York) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom New York (State)--New York Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The large-than-life bronze sculpture of Harriet Tubman stands on a rough-cut granite base. The monument is two-toned: a green-blue patina for Tubman's clothing and a black patina for her skin. She wears a buttoned, long-sleeved shirt and a long skirt, the surface of which is adorned with small raised faces, shackles, medicine bundles, and other symbolic elements. Tubman is shown in motion, striding forward with one hand clasping the strap of her shoulder bag. From the side, she is shown pulling away from the gnarled, root-like branches that appear to symbolize her breaking free from bondage. Her facial expression is calm and resolute. Bronze tiles adorn the upper section of the base and show events from Tubman’s life along with traditional quilt patterns. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saar, Alison, 1956- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 13, 2008 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Quennell Rothschild & Partners, LLP (landscape architects), New York, New York; URS Corporation (engineering), New York, New York; City of New York; Manhattan Borough President’s Office; NYC Department of Cultural Affairs Percent for Art Program; NYC Department of Parks and Recreation; NYC Department of Design and Construction; and NYC Department of Transportation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NYC Department of Cultural Affairs Percent for Art Program, 31 Chambers Street, 2nd Floor, New York, New York, 10007, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Harriet Tubman Plaza, St. Nicholas Avenue, West 122nd Street, and Frederick Douglass Boulevard, New York City, New York, 07062, United States Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Harriet Tubman Memorial; Harriet Tubman Triangle Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on bronze plaque: Harriet Tubman Memorial. Alison Saar. Swing Low, 2007 Plaza Design in Collaboration with Quennell Rothschild & Partners, LLP Commissioned by the City of New York Manhattan Borough President’s Office NYC Department of Cultural Affairs, Percent for Art Program NYC Department of Parks and Recreation NYC Department of Transportation NYC Department of Design and Construction Inscription on exterior granite wall: “What a Beautiful Morning It Will Be! O Let My People Go.” Informational plaque: Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial Harriet Tubman Triangle This larger-than-life bronze sculpture depicts abolitionist organizer and Underground Railroad leader Harriet Tubman (c. 1822-1913), and stands at the crossroads of St. Nicholas Avenue, West 122nd Street and Frederick Douglass Boulevard in Harlem. Douglass once said of Tubman that except for John Brown, he knew of "no one who has willingly encountered more perils and hardships to serve our enslaved people." Born into slavery in Maryland around 1822, Tubman escaped in 1849 via the Underground Railroad, the network of places and people dedicated to helping slaves find their way to freedom in non-slaveholding communities. Settling first in Philadelphia, then Canada, Tubman spent ten years returning to Maryland at great personal risk, to guide scores of friends and family members to freedom. Determined to end slavery, she later served the Union Army as a scout, spy and nurse in the Civil War. Settling in Auburn, New York after the war, she continued campaigning for equal rights for women and African-Americans. Her humanitarian work, including caring for the sick, homeless and disabled of all races, resulted in the establishment of the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged in that community. She died in 1913 and was buried in Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn with semi-military honors. The memorial, commissioned through the Department of Cultural Affairs' Percent for Art program, was created by African-American sculptor Alison Saar. The artist has depicted Tubman "not as the conductor of the Underground Railroad but as the train itself, an unstoppable locomotive," the roots of slavery pulled up in her wake. Saar designed stylized portraits of "anonymous passengers" of the Underground Railroad in Tubman's skirt, some of which were inspired by West African "passport masks." Around the granite base of the monument are bronze tiles alternately depicting events in Tubman's life and traditional quilting patterns. The multi-agency project included landscaping the formerly barren traffic triangle. Designed by Quennell Rothschild and constructed by URS, the renovated triangle features paving blocks and roughly hewn granite to create a natural setting. Plantings native to both New York and Tubman's home state of Maryland represent the woods and terrain traveled by Tubman and her Underground Railroad passengers, providing a contemplative space in which to consider Tubman's legacy. City of New York Parks & Recreation www.nyc.gov/parks October 2013 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 156 x 96 x 132 in. (396.24 x 243.84 x 335.28 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Chinese granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Press Release. “Swing Low: Harriet Tubman Memorial Sculpture is Dedicated in Harlem.” NYC Parks. November 13, 2008. Accessed March 18, 2018. https://www.nycgovparks.org/news/press-releases?id=20772%20. Almino, Elisa Wouk. "Meet LA's Art Community: Alison Saar on her Harriet Tubman Monument and Finding Inspiration." Hyperallergic, November 5, 2019. Accessed January 30, 2026. https://hyperallergic.com/meet-las-art-community-alison-saar-on-her-harriet-tubman-monument-and-finding-inspiration/. NYC Cultural Affairs-Percent for Art. “Alison Saar.” Accessed January 30, 2026. https://www.nyc.gov/site/dclapercentforart/projects/projects-detail.page?recordID=207. Herbert, Amelia Simone. "Swing Low: A Visual Metaphor for Abolition Now." CRWNMAG, June 2020. Accessed January 30, 2026. https://www.crwnmag.com/blog/2020/6/swing-low-a-visual-metaphor-for-abolition-now. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Relation A related resource “It’s My Park: Harriet Tubman Memorial,” NYC Parks, February 6, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYxY4hEECQY. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. Maquette, New York Historical, 2009. https://emuseum.nyhistory.org/objects/64912/maquette-for-swing-low-harriet-tubman-memorial. Maquette, National Museum of American American History and Culture, 2011. https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2011.63. bronze figurative granite manacles portrait quilt squares trees https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/989d349cf2e301dd21d20cfc9f7beb5d.jpg 2c7858ee36cb5b304d288ff6e9c4c428 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/54426bbfb208b19269b2d79798c030bc.jpg 5f78918b3875ccb0fa96e912472f8fdc https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/eb0638026bf1f2ed104459a9098dabf7.jpg ce75e67b14c4d5e3509f303b2be7d4ba https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/fb86b751919b51a900f33f9e123fc4b4.jpg 94cc8e134f691cab4a1c496d9803dba5 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/a6eb5d2eacb31a391d4a7341c7a00e64.jpg b2e14c5df42060324820be1d03aa01db https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1f7d416092ce8b95188fbc2d184bc5f9.jpg 2f7e9b9a704c303b5f17ce307fb48c39 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/9c976699c313d348774665198cda1e40.jpg 60c4006cc34b06cef494ed161bf5fb7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 84 in. (213.36 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (Salisbury, Maryland) Subject The topic of the resource <psubject topic="" br=""></psubject>Subject (Topic) Abolitionists--United States Freedom Maryland--Salisbury Public art Public sculpture Slavery--Maryland Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The bronze statue of Harriet Tubman is placed on a concrete base. Tubman wears a nineteenth-century inspired dress that she lifts with her left hand, creating a rippling effect in the bronze cloth. On her left shoulder sits a saw-whet owl, at her left foot rests a rabbit. She extends her right arm into the air, perpendicular to her body with her palm extending outwards. A Maryland blue crab and ten seashells are sculpted into the base of the monument. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hill, James, 1945- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 22, 2009 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Salisbury University (funder); Students assisting with the project included Mike Benson, Jason Bromley, Jen Drake, Sarah Halcot, Christopher Hill, Robbie Johnson, Sam Jones, Diana Mosteller, Keely Patton, Tom Ruch, Dan Stachurski, Phillip Taylor and Tom Wright. SU faculty emeritus Gerry Patt Jr. helped with the sculpture’s casting. Faculty emerita Marie Cavallaro documented the procedure. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, Maryland, 21801, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Teacher Education and Technology Center, Salisbury University, S. Salisbury Boulevard (BUS. 13), Salisbury, Maryland, 21801, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on bronze plaque: Harriet Tubman. C. 1821-1913. ‘The midnight sky and the silent stars have been the witness of your devotion to freedom and of your heroism,’ wrote fellow abolitionist and Eastern Shore native Frederick Douglass of Harriet Tubman. A Civil War nurse, scout, spy, military strategist and early women’s suffragist, the ‘Moses of her people’ freed hundreds of slaves via the Underground Railroad. With the support of the Salisbury University community, sculptor James Hill and his students realized this work in 2009, with the hope that her story will continue to inspire courage and action in the pursuit of human rights. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 84 in. (213.36 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Concrete Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Press Releases. “New SU Sculpture Honors Harriet Tubman.” News. Salisbury University. September 22, 2009. Assessed March 21, 2018. http://www.salisbury.edu/news/article.html?id=3995. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Harriet Tubman Statue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bird bronze figurative portrait seashell https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0f9ba80ef5520e7b9e1f3db9f9a38baf.jpg f19003e37716254fe4272f60c88575c3 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/587dab8e7e5d99904291a2a52f97c9de.jpg a7cb96cd83f6668ef6e230c2e80fd1b7 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/36375465d7c8a9fde1385e3239cf87f0.jpg d9b2c8bac0dce89ab8f912b29e4dfcb9 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c0041a84844c6aa36e36233998dad586.jpg 17c209c871d4482f3f5977a05d6de54c https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/354ad2035ee2741fabb8a4a76d5e516d.jpg 822f884bed7fbb8761fc7941faa45dea https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2d02639e9b652b709fd150ede95e76c6.jpg 94087040a71eb686bfa981a9229d3fee https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/080828b934b3a224603eede407034254.jpg 2855abd857d9b9616c40e1dface330fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 78 in. (198.12 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Ross Tubman Memorial (Bristol, Pennsylvania) Subject The topic of the resource <subject topic="" br=""></subject>Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Pennsylvania--Bristol Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The single bronze figure of Harriet Tubman stands atop a black granite plinth. Tubman wears a coat, haversack slung over her right shoulder, and a pistol at her waist. Tubman's right arm is raised to the sky as she points her right hand toward the North Star. The statue of Tubman sits at the center of eleven black granite columns inscribed with edifying phrases including: Hope is Another Form of Freedom; We Choose Inclusion Not Exclusion; Our Town is America the Beautiful; We Stand Together; Liberty and Justice For All; Move Forward; Amalgamate the Community; Freedom Will Prevail; Unity is the Way. Signed by the artist: James L. Gafgen, 2005. Foundry stamp: Art Research Enterprises: The Art Foundry. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gafgen, James L., 1939-2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 24, 2006 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource William H. Smith (Design); Sydney L. Taylor and the African-American Historical and Cultural Society of Bucks County; The Bucks County Committee For Interracial Harmony; State of Pennsylvania; Mayor and Council of the Borough of Bristol. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Bristol Township, 2501 Bath Road, Bristol, Pennsylvania, 19007, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bristol Lions Park, 150 Basin Park, Bristol, Pennsylvania, 19007, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on base of sculpture: Harriet Ross Tubman Inscription on bronze plaque: Harriet Ross Tubman. Abolitionist-American Hero. Circa 1820-1913. Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in 1849. She fled to Philadelphia where, as a conductor on the Underground Railroad, she made 19 sorties into the South, liberating over 300 slaves. Ms. Tubman also served as a spy and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War. Harriet Tubman—Authentic American Hero Ten granite columns with inscriptions (clockwise from base of sculpture): Hope is Another Form of Freedom; We Choose Inclusion Not Exclusion; Our Town is America the Beautiful; We Stand Together; Liberty and Justice For All; Move Forward; Amalgamate the Community; Freedom Will Prevail; Unity is the Way. Ten stone markers: Names of old African American families in Bristol Extent The size or duration of the resource. 78 in. (198.12 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Green granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Waymarking.com. “Harriet Tubman-Lions Park-Bristol, PA.” Statues of Historic Figures. Accessed, March 21, 2018. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3JK9_Harriet_Tubman_Lions_Park_Bristol_PA. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Signed: 2006 black granite bronze columns figurative pistol portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/b409a3fa1de8c19d2fe6c0e15cd3f089.jpg 59a7274c03aae521125711073a56e297 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Underground Railroad Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The memorial and monuments in this collection are dedicated to the Underground Railroad, an organized network of routes and safe houses that assisted freedom seekers [enslaved people] on their journeys northward. The Underground Railroad was part of the larger movement for the abolition of slavery in the United States. The movement to abolish slavery was a complicated political movement that, at its core, was driven by the resistance and activism of enslaved Black people and freedmen and women abolitionists. Historian Manisha Sinha explores the history of American abolition, including the Underground Railroad in The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016).  Although Harriet Tubman is the most famous conductor in the Underground Railroad, she is not the subject of the memorials featured in this collection (see the collection on this site, <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/collections/show/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Black Abolitionists</a>, to view works specifically dedicated to her life and work). Rather the monuments and memorials featured here, such as Ed Dwight's <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gateway to Freedom: International Memorial to the Underground Railroad</a>, highlight other prominent conductors, as well as celebrate the fortitude and bravery of the freedom seekers as they made the perilous journey north. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 168 x 336 in. (426.72 x 853.44 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memorial to the Underground Railroad (Battle Creek, Michigan) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Fugitive slaves--United States Michigan--Battle Creek Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Hussey, Erastus, 1800-1889 Hussey, Sarah Bowen, 1808-1899 Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dwight, Ed, 1933- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Underground_Railroad_sculpture.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 24, 1993 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource W. K. Kellogg Foundation and Glenn A. Cross Estate, Battle Creek, Michigan. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 1 Michigan Avenue East, Battle Creek, Michigan, 49017, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Kellogg House Park, 2-10 N Monroe Street, Battle Creek, Michigan, 49017, United States Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Underground Railroad Sculpture; Underground Railroad Monument Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1993 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque: Memorial to the Underground Railroad. From the 1830s to the 1861, thousands of slaves in the southern United States courageously escaped northward to freedom to what became known as the Underground Railroad. Along this secret network, ‘conductors’ like Battle Creek’s Erastus and Sarah Hussey, whose likenesses are captured in this memorial, took great personal risks to ensure the safety of escaping slaves. Harriet Tubman, known as the Black Moses, was a national heroine of this epic struggle and is depicted leading another brave family away from the shackles of slavery. This memorial honors the Underground Railroad and is dedicated to the strength of the human spirit in the quest for freedom. Ed Dwight, Sculptor. Denver, Colorado. 1993. This sculpture was made possible by a gift from the Glenn A. Cross Estate and the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 168 x 336 in. (426.72 x 853.44 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Detroit1701.org. “Battle Creek Underground Railroad Sculpture.” Accessed March 19, 2018. http://detroit1701.org/Battle%20Creek%20Underground%20RR%20Sculpture.html. Glesner, Anthony Patrick. "Laura Haviland: Neglected Heroine of the Underground Railroad." Michigan Historical Review 21, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 19-48. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Description An account of the resource At the front of the monument are full-size statues of Erastus Hussey and Harriet Tubman. On the left, Erastus sports mutton-chop whiskers and is dressed a long coat and trousers. He gestures behind him to Sarah Hussey who holds a lantern in her left hand and gestures towards an open doorway--two women enter the door including one who holds a baby. The doorway represents a secret entry into the Hussey's home, a stop on the Underground Railroad in Michigan. Slightly behind Sarah's extended right arm, a man carries a banjo and a load of belongings on his shoulder. Behind the man steps a young boy who grasps a dog on a rope. Behind the boy, is a bas-relief that depicts a wagon drawn by two horses. On the right of the monument, stands a figure of Tubman with a walking stick in her right hand as she gestures behind her towards a group of freedom seekers walking through a woods including a young boy carrying a bed roll, a woman with head wrap, and a man in a hat, coat and trousers who grasps a young child on his back. A bas relief shows a row boat coming ashore while a wagon awaits the freedom seekers on the shoreline. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bas-relief bronze figurative lantern https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/bea4fd6c8fd11359bb9b8261ac73862a.jpeg ccf1202a1e5665d2c517b022793457a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (fourth cast) (Ypsilanti, Michigan) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Michigan--Ypsilanti Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The monument depicts Harriet Tubman leading a young African American boy by her left hand and holding a long walking stick in her right. She wears a brimmed hat, a long-sleeve shirt with a shawl wrapped around her neck, and a flowing skirt. As they walk, Tubman peers kindly at the boy, who gazes back at her. The boy wears a vest, long-sleeved shirt, trousers, and laced shoes. Both figures are shown in mid-stride. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeDecker, Jane, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Harriet_Tubman_Ypsilanti_Michigan.JPG" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 21, 2006 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Friends of Ypsilanti District Library, Ypsilanti, Michigan; Ypsilanti Downtown Development Authority, Ypsilanti, Michigan; and Pfizer, Inc., Ypsilanti, Michigan Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Ypsilanti District Library, 229 West Michigan Avenue, Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ypsilanti District Library, 229 West Michigan Avenue, Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque on front of statue: Harriet Tubman, 1820-1913. Led slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad earning her the name of ‘Moses of Her People.’ Bronze statue created by Jane DeDecker and installed in 2006. Inscription on back: "Children if you are tired, keep going. If you're hungry, keep going. If you're scared, keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going." Harriet Tubman Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. First cast: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harriet Tubman, Las Sendas, Mesa, Arizona</a> Extent The size or duration of the resource. 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Ypsilanti District Library. "Library Plaza." Accessed March 18, 2018. https://www.ypsilibrary.org/about/visit/ydl-michigan/library-plaza/. Wander Woman Project. "Harriet Tubman Statues by Jane DeDecker Across the US." Accessed May 25, 2020. https://wanderwomenproject.com/places/harriet-tubman-statues-by-jane-dedecker-across-the-us/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative inscription portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2c2977390aefc2e66296e96b2719c5a2.jpeg e720bc4638ac33dbc4ea2660cc5e8d81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (third cast) (Little Rock, Arkansas) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Arkansas--Little Rock Freedom Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The monument depicts Harriet Tubman leading a young African American boy by her left hand and holding a long walking stick in her right. She wears a brimmed hat, a long-sleeve shirt with a shawl wrapped around her neck, and a flowing skirt. As they walk, Tubman peers kindly at the boy, who gazes back at her. The boy wears a vest, long-sleeved shirt, trousers, and laced shoes. Both figures are shown in mid-stride. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeDecker, Jane, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://locate.publicartarchive.org/art/Harriet-Tubman?ib=ext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Public Art Archive</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Dean Kumpuris, Little Rock Board of Directors, City of Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas; John Kinkade, National Sculptors’ Guild at Columbine Gallery, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Peggy and Haskell L. Dickinson (donors), Little Rock, Arkansas. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Little Rock, 500 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72201, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 764 President Clinton Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72201, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on back: "Children if you are tired, keep going. If you're hungry, keep going. If you're scared, keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going." Harriet Tubman Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. First cast: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harriet Tubman, Las Sendas, Mesa, Arizona</a> Extent The size or duration of the resource. 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Concrete base Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Public Art Archive. “Harriet Tubman, Little Rock, Arkansas.” Accessed March 19, 2018. https://locate.publicartarchive.org/art/Harriet-Tubman?ib=ext. Peacock, Leslie Newell. “Forever, Sculpture: Artwork and a City Director, Carve Out a Special Place along Little Rock’s Riverfront.” Arkansas Times, June 15, 2017. Accessed March 19, 2018. https://www.arktimes.com/arkansas/forever-sculpture/Content?oid=7409126. Wander Woman Project. “Harriet Tubman Statues by Jane DeDecker Across the US.” Accessed May 25, 2020. https://wanderwomenproject.com/places/harriet-tubman-statues-by-jane-dedecker-across-the-us/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative inscription portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/5c9b800bd6480715ba91e2dea5049961.jpeg e8ca09c38aed8517483a725f3b9b970d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (second cast) (Gainesville, Georgia) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Georgia--Gainsville Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The monument depicts Harriet Tubman leading a young African American boy by her left hand and holding a long walking stick in her right. She wears a brimmed hat, a long-sleeve shirt with a shawl wrapped around her neck, and a flowing skirt. As they walk, Tubman peers kindly at the boy, who gazes back at her. The boy wears a vest, long-sleeved shirt, trousers, and laced shoes. Both figures are shown in mid-stride. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeDecker, Jane, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://update.brenau.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/IMG_0007.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brenau University</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1997 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Brenau University, 500 Washington St SE, Gainesville, Georgia, 30501, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Thurmond McRae Lecture Hall, Brenau University, 625 Academy Street, Gainesville, Georgia, 30501, United States Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Harriet Tubman and Child Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on back: "Children if you are tired, keep going. If you're hungry, keep going. If you're scared, keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going." Harriet Tubman Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. First cast: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harriet Tubman, Las Sendas, Mesa, Arizona</a> Extent The size or duration of the resource. 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Wander Woman Project. "Harriet Tubman Statues by Jane DeDecker Across the US." Accessed May 25, 2020. https://wanderwomenproject.com/places/harriet-tubman-statues-by-jane-dedecker-across-the-us/. Vision 2020 Public Arts. "Harriet Tubman and Child." Accessed May 25, 2020. https://www.2030art.com/project-02 (site discontinued). Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative inscription portrait