6 10 134 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0f9ba80ef5520e7b9e1f3db9f9a38baf.jpg f19003e37716254fe4272f60c88575c3 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/587dab8e7e5d99904291a2a52f97c9de.jpg a7cb96cd83f6668ef6e230c2e80fd1b7 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/36375465d7c8a9fde1385e3239cf87f0.jpg d9b2c8bac0dce89ab8f912b29e4dfcb9 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c0041a84844c6aa36e36233998dad586.jpg 17c209c871d4482f3f5977a05d6de54c https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/354ad2035ee2741fabb8a4a76d5e516d.jpg 822f884bed7fbb8761fc7941faa45dea https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2d02639e9b652b709fd150ede95e76c6.jpg 94087040a71eb686bfa981a9229d3fee https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/080828b934b3a224603eede407034254.jpg 2855abd857d9b9616c40e1dface330fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 78 in. (198.12 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Ross Tubman Memorial (Bristol, Pennsylvania) Subject The topic of the resource <subject topic="" br=""></subject>Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Pennsylvania--Bristol Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The single bronze figure of Harriet Tubman stands atop a black granite plinth. Tubman wears a coat, haversack slung over her right shoulder, and a pistol at her waist. Tubman's right arm is raised to the sky as she points her right hand toward the North Star. The statue of Tubman sits at the center of eleven black granite columns inscribed with edifying phrases including: Hope is Another Form of Freedom; We Choose Inclusion Not Exclusion; Our Town is America the Beautiful; We Stand Together; Liberty and Justice For All; Move Forward; Amalgamate the Community; Freedom Will Prevail; Unity is the Way. Signed by the artist: James L. Gafgen, 2005. Foundry stamp: Art Research Enterprises: The Art Foundry. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gafgen, James L., 1939-2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 24, 2006 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource William H. Smith (Design); Sydney L. Taylor and the African-American Historical and Cultural Society of Bucks County; The Bucks County Committee For Interracial Harmony; State of Pennsylvania; Mayor and Council of the Borough of Bristol. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Bristol Township, 2501 Bath Road, Bristol, Pennsylvania, 19007, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Bristol Lions Park, 150 Basin Park, Bristol, Pennsylvania, 19007, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on base of sculpture: Harriet Ross Tubman Inscription on bronze plaque: Harriet Ross Tubman. Abolitionist-American Hero. Circa 1820-1913. Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in 1849. She fled to Philadelphia where, as a conductor on the Underground Railroad, she made 19 sorties into the South, liberating over 300 slaves. Ms. Tubman also served as a spy and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War. Harriet Tubman—Authentic American Hero Ten granite columns with inscriptions (clockwise from base of sculpture): Hope is Another Form of Freedom; We Choose Inclusion Not Exclusion; Our Town is America the Beautiful; We Stand Together; Liberty and Justice For All; Move Forward; Amalgamate the Community; Freedom Will Prevail; Unity is the Way. Ten stone markers: Names of old African American families in Bristol Extent The size or duration of the resource. 78 in. (198.12 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Green granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Waymarking.com. “Harriet Tubman-Lions Park-Bristol, PA.” Statues of Historic Figures. Accessed, March 21, 2018. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3JK9_Harriet_Tubman_Lions_Park_Bristol_PA. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Date Created Date of creation of the resource. Signed: 2006 black granite bronze columns figurative pistol portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8152c225003865a3b91605cedcc012de.jpg a5ea156d3e91bdb21ccb88c3e2e58e2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Plaque Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman Memorial Plaque (Auburn, New York) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Citizens of Auburn Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States New York--Auburn Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The bronze plaque honoring Harriet Tubman has a dark patina and a rectangular body topped with a rounded arch. At the top, Tubman’s portrait—based on an 1890s photograph—is rendered in bas-relief and surrounded by a laurel motif. Her expression is calm and resolute. Beneath the portrait is an inscription detailing Tubman’s achievements, with floral rosettes adorning the corners of the plaque. The bronze plaque is placed on the outside wall of the Cayuga County Courthouse in Auburn, New York. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 13, 1914 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Citizens of Auburn Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Cayuga County Courthouse, 152 Genesee Street, Auburn, New York, 13021, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Cayuga County Courthouse, 152 Genesee Street, Auburn, New York, 13021, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on bronze plaque: In Memory of Harriet Tubman. Born a slave in Maryland about 1821. Died in Auburn, N.Y. March 10th, 1913. Called the "Moses" of her people, during the Civil War, with rare courage, she led over three hundred negroes up from slavery to freedom, and rendered invaluable service as a nurse and spy. With implicit trust in God she braved every danger and overcame every obstacle, withal she possessed extraordinary foresight and judgment so that she truthfully said--"On my Underground Railroad I nebber run my train off de track and I nebber los' a passenger."--This tablet is erected by the Citizens of Auburn, 1914. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. "National Flag to Be Displayed: Day of Unveiling of Harriet Tubman Memorial to be Observed at Suggestion of Mayor. Exercises in Auditorium." The Advertiser Journal, Thursday, June 11, 1914. New York Historic Newspapers. Accessed January 31, 2026. https://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/. "High Tribute Paid to Harriet Tubman As Memorial Tablet is Unveiled in Her Honor." The Advertiser Journal, Saturday, June 13, 1914. New York Historic Newspapers. Accessed January 31, 2026. https://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater bas-relief bronze inscription portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ec1a069eadbc21d8c348bc1b4fb8970e.jpg 92131a262cf2396b9b34373816b042c9 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/698b7316a02f08443dd3dc7be62688cc.jpg 31ec429c9e4f678df3bcc84e9c0a8c93 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0cd139b5bfd162a279fdfb33d191441f.jpeg 52171053d96e1209b06537f5a9063355 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/cd063aca98205c8092a306c4c5248c02.jpg 473568dbae0ab13a8b85ff31df058420 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4e9683b2a5b1054cd85b9ff2b07b3b49.jpeg 529856a29f2feba92d256bfba13715da https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2eeee21c77693600ba1a00c42869cd8f.jpeg 92827905be0379b4e89f4bf62c326626 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 90.55 in. (230 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (Auburn, New York) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements New York (State)--Auburn Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The seven-and-half foot tall (2.3 meters) bronze statue represents a young Harriet Tubman, traveling on the Underground Railroad. Clothed in nineteenth-century shawl, jacket, pleated skirt, and a pistol tucked into her satchel. Tubman strides forward with her booted foot visible below the hem of her skirt. She extends her left hand behind her as if signaling to an invisible group to follow closely on the arduous route to Canada. In her right hand, she holds the ring of a lantern, illuminating the pathway to freedom. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanlon, Brian P., 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 13, 2018 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource George and Mary Cuthbert Family; Harriet Tubman Downtown Memorial Committee; Celebrate! Diverse Auburn; Harriet Tubman Boosters Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York State Equal Rights Heritage Center, 25 South Street, Auburn, New York, 13021, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Stainless steel plaque: "I was the conductor on the Underground Railroad for eight years, and I can say what most conductors can't say -- I never ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger." Harriet Tubman at a suffrage convention, NY, 1896 Harriet Tubman statue donated by the George and Mary Cuthbert family in honor of Edward L. Cuthbert Jr. who believed that Harriet's life was an inspiration to all of humankind. Dedicated November 2018 Sculptor Brian P. Hanlon Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Extent The size or duration of the resource. 90.55 in. (230 cm) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource New York State Equal Rights Heritage Center, 25 South Street, Auburn, New York, 13021, United States Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Ater, Renée. "NY State Network to Freedom: Harriet Tubman Statue and Equal Rights Heritage Center, Auburn." On Monuments Blog, April 27, 2020. https://www.reneeater.com/on-monuments-blog/2020/4/17/ny-state-network-to-freedom-harriet-tubman-statue-and-equal-rights-heritage-center-auburn. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative lantern pistol https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/bea4fd6c8fd11359bb9b8261ac73862a.jpeg ccf1202a1e5665d2c517b022793457a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (fourth cast) (Ypsilanti, Michigan) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Michigan--Ypsilanti Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The monument depicts Harriet Tubman leading a young African American boy by her left hand and holding a long walking stick in her right. She wears a brimmed hat, a long-sleeve shirt with a shawl wrapped around her neck, and a flowing skirt. As they walk, Tubman peers kindly at the boy, who gazes back at her. The boy wears a vest, long-sleeved shirt, trousers, and laced shoes. Both figures are shown in mid-stride. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeDecker, Jane, 1961- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Harriet_Tubman_Ypsilanti_Michigan.JPG" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikimedia Commons</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 21, 2006 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Friends of Ypsilanti District Library, Ypsilanti, Michigan; Ypsilanti Downtown Development Authority, Ypsilanti, Michigan; and Pfizer, Inc., Ypsilanti, Michigan Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Ypsilanti District Library, 229 West Michigan Avenue, Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ypsilanti District Library, 229 West Michigan Avenue, Ypsilanti, Michigan, 48197, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque on front of statue: Harriet Tubman, 1820-1913. Led slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad earning her the name of ‘Moses of Her People.’ Bronze statue created by Jane DeDecker and installed in 2006. Inscription on back: "Children if you are tired, keep going. If you're hungry, keep going. If you're scared, keep going. If you want a taste of freedom, keep going." Harriet Tubman Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. First cast: <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harriet Tubman, Las Sendas, Mesa, Arizona</a> Extent The size or duration of the resource. 68.4 in. (173.736 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Ypsilanti District Library. "Library Plaza." Accessed March 18, 2018. https://www.ypsilibrary.org/about/visit/ydl-michigan/library-plaza/. Wander Woman Project. "Harriet Tubman Statues by Jane DeDecker Across the US." Accessed May 25, 2020. https://wanderwomenproject.com/places/harriet-tubman-statues-by-jane-dedecker-across-the-us/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bronze figurative inscription portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/989d349cf2e301dd21d20cfc9f7beb5d.jpg 2c7858ee36cb5b304d288ff6e9c4c428 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/54426bbfb208b19269b2d79798c030bc.jpg 5f78918b3875ccb0fa96e912472f8fdc https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/eb0638026bf1f2ed104459a9098dabf7.jpg ce75e67b14c4d5e3509f303b2be7d4ba https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/fb86b751919b51a900f33f9e123fc4b4.jpg 94cc8e134f691cab4a1c496d9803dba5 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/a6eb5d2eacb31a391d4a7341c7a00e64.jpg b2e14c5df42060324820be1d03aa01db https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1f7d416092ce8b95188fbc2d184bc5f9.jpg 2f7e9b9a704c303b5f17ce307fb48c39 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/9c976699c313d348774665198cda1e40.jpg 60c4006cc34b06cef494ed161bf5fb7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 84 in. (213.36 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (Salisbury, Maryland) Subject The topic of the resource <psubject topic="" br=""></psubject>Subject (Topic) Abolitionists--United States Freedom Maryland--Salisbury Public art Public sculpture Slavery--Maryland Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The bronze statue of Harriet Tubman is placed on a concrete base. Tubman wears a nineteenth-century inspired dress that she lifts with her left hand, creating a rippling effect in the bronze cloth. On her left shoulder sits a saw-whet owl, at her left foot rests a rabbit. She extends her right arm into the air, perpendicular to her body with her palm extending outwards. A Maryland blue crab and ten seashells are sculpted into the base of the monument. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hill, James, 1945- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 22, 2009 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Salisbury University (funder); Students assisting with the project included Mike Benson, Jason Bromley, Jen Drake, Sarah Halcot, Christopher Hill, Robbie Johnson, Sam Jones, Diana Mosteller, Keely Patton, Tom Ruch, Dan Stachurski, Phillip Taylor and Tom Wright. SU faculty emeritus Gerry Patt Jr. helped with the sculpture’s casting. Faculty emerita Marie Cavallaro documented the procedure. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, Maryland, 21801, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Teacher Education and Technology Center, Salisbury University, S. Salisbury Boulevard (BUS. 13), Salisbury, Maryland, 21801, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on bronze plaque: Harriet Tubman. C. 1821-1913. ‘The midnight sky and the silent stars have been the witness of your devotion to freedom and of your heroism,’ wrote fellow abolitionist and Eastern Shore native Frederick Douglass of Harriet Tubman. A Civil War nurse, scout, spy, military strategist and early women’s suffragist, the ‘Moses of her people’ freed hundreds of slaves via the Underground Railroad. With the support of the Salisbury University community, sculptor James Hill and his students realized this work in 2009, with the hope that her story will continue to inspire courage and action in the pursuit of human rights. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 84 in. (213.36 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Concrete Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Press Releases. “New SU Sculpture Honors Harriet Tubman.” News. Salisbury University. September 22, 2009. Assessed March 21, 2018. http://www.salisbury.edu/news/article.html?id=3995. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Harriet Tubman Statue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad bird bronze figurative portrait seashell https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4e92b4bfe7fb8dbef9f614c3644d84cd.jpg 6eb3a0c02d87f854dc903aee0635774e https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/e263c98964623f483e550eb99f9211bc.jpg 4e452d25ec7ce3c98fab7c9031f3f1f0 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/09995894c11789a25f21e88695433bbd.jpg b61cf3991d6f4e373c1e7d272595348b https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/b6a24f64340fc3428f55ffb4886e9eeb.jpg dc7df76bd8893cefb472d2189d94163b https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/f3c5194c6d9dc68a1bed03d1d2667aaf.jpg 8d79ff1a72ac92845a35454a53b59e52 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/7ac13e32583245b1455a8bd09fb97203.jpg 0f440ee72f18e4f32950445400426d1b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Unknown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (St. Catharines, Ontario) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rekrut, Frank, 1959- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 13, 2010 Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on front of black marble plinth: "After the passing of the USA 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, she said. 'I wouldn't trust Uncle Sam with my people no longer. I brought them all clear off to Canada.'" Inscription on back of black marble plinth: Sculptor Frank Rekrut 2010 Ontario Heritage Foundation historic marker: Harriet Ross Tubman c. 1820-1913 A legendary conductor on the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman became known as the "Moses" of her people. Tubman was born into slavery on a Maryland plantation and suffered brutal treatment from numerous owners before escaping in 1849. Over the next decade she returned to the American South many times and led hundreds of freedom seekers north. When the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 allowed slave owners  to recapture runaways in the northern free states. Tubman extended her operations across the Canadian border. For eight years she lived in St. Catharines, and at some point rented a house in this neighborhood. With the outbreak of the Civil War, she return to the U. S. to serve the Union Army. Ontario Heritage Foundation, Ministry of Culture and Communications [Reverse in French] Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--Canada Freedom Ontario--St. Catharines Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad--Canada Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The half-bust portrait of Harriet Tubman, made from concrete, rests on a rectangular plinth made of polished black marble bearing her name and an inscription. Tubman is depicted wearing her signature headscarf, with a wrap covering her shoulders. The portrait is situated in a meditation garden next to British Methodist Episcopal Church of Canada-Salem Chapel, St. Catharines, Ontario. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource British Methodist Episcopal Church of Canada-Salem Chapel, 92 Geneva St, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2R 4N2, Canada Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Concrete; Black marble Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Spaan, Natalie. "Harriet Tubman Monument Unveiled." The Brock Press, September 21, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020. http://www.brockpress.com/2010/09/harriet-tubman-monument-unveiled. Zettle, Mike. "Tubman Statue to Grace BME Church." The Standard (St. Catharines), February 19, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020. https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news-story/3305714-tubman-sculpture-to-grace-bme-church-garden/. "Legacy of Freedom Honored." The Standard (St. Catharines), September 14, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020. https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/community-story/3311877-legacy-of-freedom-honoured/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Frank Rekrut (donation); St. Catharines Green Committee ; St. Catharines Horticultural Society, Eco Landscape Design; and Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada and Parks Canada. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant British Methodist Episcopal Church of Canada-Salem Chapel, 92 Geneva St, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2R 4N2, Canada Extent The size or duration of the resource. Unknown black granite concrete figurative portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/5a8420a7d73147a2b16bf3937c713b49.jpg f7ad4e9accb016470772126375ab46c0 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0496d5f791423d263237b9e1bec51dfd.jpg 29fda6aebdd4875e943d5830aa73f847 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8835b7b0ce80dbd9ec293db41a2ef8ad.jpg 10cef62dca9a61baf2db1ba0024d2d3a https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/818576deb445ab239001699f57604c86.jpg 002013a4e7624952792e62f8861bce59 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8553829aae56c18e5fe9547cefe7d266.jpg e639c788a7cd323413189b9113ef80ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Unknown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rekrut, Frank, 1959 Title A name given to the resource Harriet Tubman (St. Catharines, Ontario) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Harriet Tubman Public School, 84 Henry Street, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2R 5V4, Canada Description An account of the resource The bronze portrait sculpture of Harriet Tubman rests on a large rectangular plinth made of brick and stone. Tubman, wearing her signature headscarf, is depicted seated on a wooden chair, holding a closed book in her hands as she gazes into the distance. She wears a scarf around her neck, long-sleeved shirt button-down shirt, a shawl, and a flowing skirt. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District School Board of Niagara, St. Catharines, Ontario; and Ciglia & Carrai Foundry, Florence, Italy. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource District School Board of Niagara, 191 Carlton St, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2R 7P4, Canada Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Forsyth, Paul. "New Statue of Harriet Tubman Unveiled at School Named in Her Honour." NiagaraThisWeek.com. Accessed September 18, 2018. https://www.niagarathisweek.com/news-story/6270533-new-statue-of-harriet-tubman-unveiled-at-school-named-in-her-honour/. "Tubman Statue Unveiled at School." The Standard (St. Catharines), February 9, 2016. Accessed May 26, 2020. https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news-story/8185751-tubman-statue-unveiled-at-school/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 9, 2016 Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Abolitionists--United States Antislavery movements--Canada Freedom Ontario--St. Catharines Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Extent The size or duration of the resource. Unknown book bronze figurative portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4a1cc0f190e13de470b2f0148ca1eaa3.JPG 668a98834f116e9a64e2ab72dc4cd55b https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/939a9c6f383a38d640f294b3f3e8f493.JPG d09eea9ae3c895ff6e8b9ef4bd6f917b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resistance Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016), historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands</a> in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, celebrates the women of the Fireburn Revolt of 1878; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1156" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gaspar Yanga</a> statue highlights a seventeenth-century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony near Veracruz, Mexico. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including monuments and memorials in Antigua, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 36 x 33.6 x 24 in. (91.44 x 85.34 x 60.96 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Henry "Box" Brown Memorial (Richmond, Virginia) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation--United States Public art Public sculpture Resistance Slavery--Virginia Virginia--Richmond Subject (Name) Brown, Henry "Box," 1816-1897 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Box Brown Plaza, 1498 Dock Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, United States Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The memorial commemorates Henry "Box" Brown's harrowing journey to freedom. On March 23, 1849, with the assistance of James Caesar Anthony Smith, a freedman and white abolitionist, Samuel Alexander Smith, Brown shipped himself in a two-by-three-foot crate marked "dried goods" from Richmond to Philadelphia. Brown would later become a well-known antislavery activist, attempting to assist other enslaved people to escape in crates. The memorial includes a bronze crate meant to resemble the wooden one that Brown used. The crate is open and an outline of a crouching human figure is inscribed on the back panel of the box. An informational placard is sited near the sculpture, which details the history of slavery in Richmond and Brown's escape. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscriptions on five sides of box: "Buoyed up by the prospect of freedom...I was willing to dare even death itself." "The idea flashed across my mind of shutting myself up in a box, and getting myself conveyed... to a free state." "I laid me down in my darkened home of three feet by two feet." "My friends...managed to break open the box, and then came my resurrection from the grave of slavery." "I arose a free man." Inscription on the stone platform: "In a wooden crate similar to this one, Henry Brown, a Richmond tobacco worker, made the journey from slavery to freedom in 1849" Extent The size or duration of the resource. 36 x 33.6 x 24 in. (91.44 x 85.34 x 60.96 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Richmond, 900 East Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, United States Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource City of Richmond; Richmond City Council Slave Trade Commission; Venture Richmond Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Encyclopedia Virginia. "Henry Box Brown (1815 or 1816-1897)." Accessed February 17, 2025. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/brown-henry-box-1815-or-1816-1897. Brown, Henry. Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown, Written by Himself. Manchester: Lee and Glynn, 1855. Documenting the American South. Accessed February 17, 2025. https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/brownbox/brownbox.html. abstract bronze https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/cbfb7838072ef94e49ac8e0711275620.jpg db38e36309ba9b82e726ee748c3ea4f4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Resistance Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this section commemorate the enslaved and free men and women who resisted bondage and worked to end the institution of slavery. In her book, The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition (2016), historian Manisha Sinha examines the long history of Black resistance to chattel slavery. Resistance to enslavement took many forms—from rebellions aboard slave ships and on plantations to the enslaved slowing the pace of work, breaking tools, feigning illness, and escaping from bondage. The works in this section honor these diverse histories of resistance. The <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amistad Memorial</a> in New Haven, Connecticut, recognizes Sengbe Pieh, who led a revolt of abducted Africans against their captors on the Spanish slave ship, the Amistad; the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1159" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands</a> in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, celebrates the women of the Fireburn Revolt of 1878; and the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1156" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gaspar Yanga</a> statue highlights a seventeenth-century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony near Veracruz, Mexico. In the near future, we will add more commemorative works from the Caribbean to this theme including monuments and memorials in Antigua, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 276 in. (701.04 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource I Am Queen Mary (Copenhagen, Denmark) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Denmark--Copenhagen Public art Public sculpture Resistance Transatlantic slave trade Slave insurrections--St. Croix (USVI) Slavery--Denmark Slavery--St. Croix (USVI) Subject (Name) Thomas, Mary (Queen Mary), ca. 1848–1905 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The statue is an allegorical portrait of Mary Thomas, known as Queen Mary, an enslaved woman who worked on a sugar cane planation in the Danish West Indies (now Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands). She led the largest labor revolt in Danish colonial history, the "Fireburn" Uprising in 1878. Mary is shown seated in a wicker throne; she holds a cane knife in one hand and a torch in the other. Dressed in a simple cotton shift and wearing a head wrap, Mary sits atop a plinth made of coral stones cut out of the sea at Saint Croix by enslaved Africans. "In December 2020 a winter storm severely damaged the monument. The figure was removed and an Augmented Reality version of the sculpture was developed to hold space for the work and activate new dialogues. The artists are currently working towards raising the funds to ensure that this towering monument stays at the entrance to Copenhagen's port for generations to come. Acknowledging the imbalances between colonial powers and their former colonies, the fundraising campaign will leverage the visibility and resources generated by the existing monument in Copenhagen to secure the funds to make a companion one possible in St. Croix." (https://www.iamqueenmary.com) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ehlers, Jeannette, 1973- Belle, La Vaughn, 1974- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 31, 2018 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The Municipality of Copenhagen; Wow Factory; 3D Printhuset; SMK; The National Gallery of Denmark; ActionAid, Denmark; Beckett-Fonden; the Danish Agency for Culture and Palaces Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Vestindisk Pakhus, Toldbodgade 40, 1253 Copenhagen, Denmark Extent The size or duration of the resource. 276 in. (701.04 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Polystyrene; Sealants; Paint; Coral stones from St. Croix, Virgin Islands Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://barnard.edu/news/break-down-i-am-queen-mary-barnard" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Barnard College</a> Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Barnard University. "Break This Down: I Am Queen Mary at Barnard." October 15, 2019. Accessed February 16, 2025. https://barnard.edu/news/break-down-i-am-queen-mary-barnard. I Am Queen Mary. Accessed February 16, 2025. https://www.iamqueenmary.com/. Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Stone plaque on front of plinth: I Am Queen Mary A Hybrid of Bodies, Nations & Narratives By La Vaughn Belle and Jeannette Ehlers 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Jeannette Ehlers and La Vaughn Belle, https://www.iamqueenmary.com/press-images-for-download. allegory figurative machete (knife) Polystyrene portrait https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4141b44a2df2509c538f3be1c2713f58.jpg 065c72063c66816d07961c107c409324 https://slaverymonuments.org/files/original/69d33b60765894075203e5d9fe779f19.jpg 1ff5950ea22e283b91222741b2f177f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United States Colored Troops (USCT) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Included in this thematic collection are seventeen memorials that honor the vital contributions of the United States Colored Troops (USCT) to the Union victory during the American Civil War. The first all-Black units formed unofficially in Louisiana (Louisiana Native Guard, 1862); South Carolina (First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 1862-63); and Kansas (First Kansas Colored Infantry, 1862-63). The first official authorization to employ African Americans in federal service was the Second Confiscation and Militia Act of July 17, 1862. The Confiscation Act allowed Union officers to free enslaved men and put them to work as army laborers. However, Abraham Lincoln did not fully authorize the use of Black men in combat until the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Beginning in late January 1863, Governor John A. Andrews of Massachusetts raised the first regiment of Black soldiers in the North, the Massachusetts 54th Volunteer Infantry. The abolitionist Frederick Douglass helped recruit men for the Massachusetts 54th, famously issuing a call to free African American men to join the Union Army. In a speech, “Men of Color, To Arms!”, delivered in Rochester, New York on March 2, 1863, Douglass urged his fellow free men of color to fight for the end of slavery and for their freedom: "By every consideration which binds you to your enslaved fellow-countrymen, and the peace and welfare of your country; by every aspiration which you cherish for the freedom and equality of yourselves and your children; by all the ties of blood and identity which make us one with the brave black men now fighting our battles in Louisiana and in South Carolina, I urge you to fly to arms, and smite with death the power that would bury the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave." On May 22, 1863, the U.S. War Department issued General Order No. 143, authorizing the creation of the Bureau of Colored Troops. By the end of the Civil War, over 200,000 men, including white officers, served in 175 regiments of the USCT, which made up ten percent of the Union army. The compiled military records of the men who served in the USCT can be found in the National Archives and Records Administration. Updated January 26, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Renée Ater Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In Memory of More Than 400 Prominent United States Colored Troops from Kent County (Chestertown, Maryland) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) African Americans--History Maryland--Chestertown Public sculpture United States Colored Troops Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The black granite obelisk is dedicated to the memory of more than 400 United States Colored Troops from Kent County, Maryland, who served in the Union Army during the Civil War. In front of the obelisk is a stone bench with an additional engraving. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 31, 1999 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource American Legion Parker-White Post 143 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Memorial Park, High Street at North Cross Street, Chestertown, Maryland, 21620, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on obelisk: In Memory of more than 400 prominent United States Colored Troops from Kent County, Maryland who bravely displayed extraordinary acts of heroism as they faithfully served their country with courage & honor in an attempt to gain freedom & equality in their preservation of the Union during the Civil War (1861-1865). Like an eagle that flies in the sky above, always protecting the land we love. Monument erected by American Legion Parker-White Post 143 Chestertown, Maryland Inscription on the base of the bench in front of the monument: In Memory of Kent County Colored Volunteers Who Served in the Civil War, 1861-1865 Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. HMdb.org. "In Memory of More Than 400 Prominent United States Colored Troops from Kent County." Historical Marker Database. Accessed January 21, 2019. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=5414. Alan Skerrett, Jr, ed. "Monuments to the United States Colored Troops (USCT) [African American Civil War Soldiers: The List." Jubilo! The Emancipation Century Blog, May 30, 2011. Accessed February 11, 2026. https://jubiloemancipationcentury.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/monuments-to-the-united-states-colored-troops-usct-the-list/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Black granite Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=5414" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Historical Marker Database</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Chestertown, 118 North Cross Street, Chestertown, Maryland, 21620, United States black granite Civil War inscription obelisk